Origins and Release

The Family Jewels documents were originally compiled in response to a 1973 request by then-CIA Director James Schlesinger, who wanted to know if there were any agency operations that might be considered illegal or improper. This internal investigation was prompted by the Watergate scandal and increasing public scrutiny of government agencies. The resulting reports were intended to be kept confidential, but they eventually became part of the public record due to the persistent efforts of journalists and researchers, along with Freedom of Information Act requests.

In 2007, under pressure from a lawsuit filed by the National Security Archive, the CIA finally declassified and released the Family Jewels. The release was significant, not only because it shed light on past abuses but also because it marked a rare instance of transparency for an agency known for its secrecy.

Assassination Plots

One of the most shocking revelations in the Family Jewels was the CIA’s involvement in plots to assassinate foreign leaders. The documents detail various attempts to eliminate Cuban leader Fidel Castro, including collaboration with the Mafia to poison him and plans to use exotic devices like exploding cigars. In one instance, the CIA even considered using a contaminated diving suit to kill Castro.

The agency’s involvement in assassination plots was not limited to Cuba. The documents also reveal efforts to target leaders in the Congo, the Dominican Republic, and other countries. These revelations raised significant ethical and legal questions about the extent to which the United States was willing to go to influence foreign governments and political outcomes.

Illegal Surveillance

The Family Jewels also uncovered extensive illegal surveillance operations conducted by the CIA within the United States. Despite its mandate to operate only outside U.S. borders, the agency engaged in domestic spying activities, including the monitoring of American journalists, political activists, and dissidents. Operation CHAOS, one of the programs detailed in the documents, aimed to uncover foreign influences on domestic protest movements during the 1960s and early 1970s. However, it quickly expanded to include broad surveillance of American citizens, violating their constitutional rights.

Human Experimentation

Perhaps the most disturbing revelations in the Family Jewels are related to the CIA’s human experimentation programs. The documents detail Project MK-Ultra, a clandestine program focused on mind control and behavioral modification. Under this program, the CIA conducted experiments on unknowing subjects, including administering LSD and other drugs, subjecting individuals to sensory deprivation, and using psychological manipulation techniques. These experiments were often conducted without the informed consent of the participants, leading to severe psychological and physical harm in many cases.

One of the most infamous incidents involved the death of Frank Olson, a CIA scientist who was secretly dosed with LSD and later fell to his death from a hotel window under suspicious circumstances. The Family Jewels documents shed light on the agency’s attempts to cover up the true nature of Olson’s death and the broader unethical practices of the MK-Ultra program.

Quotes and Reactions

The release of the Family Jewels prompted a wide range of reactions from government officials, historians, and the public. Then-CIA Director Michael Hayden stated, “The documents provide a view of a very different era and a very different agency,” acknowledging the mistakes of the past while emphasizing the CIA’s efforts to operate within legal and ethical boundaries in the present day.

Senator Edward Kennedy, who had been a vocal critic of the CIA’s practices, remarked, “The release of these documents underscores the necessity of vigilant oversight of our intelligence agencies to ensure they do not overstep their bounds.” The documents’ release also fueled calls for greater transparency and accountability in the intelligence community.

Legacy and Impact

The Family Jewels documents have had a lasting impact on the public’s perception of the CIA and its operations. They serve as a reminder of the potential for abuse of power within secretive government agencies and the importance of checks and balances to prevent such abuses. The revelations prompted legislative reforms, including the establishment of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence and the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, which were designed to provide oversight and accountability for the CIA and other intelligence agencies.

In the years since their release, the Family Jewels have become a crucial resource for historians, journalists, and researchers seeking to understand the complexities and ethical challenges of intelligence work. They provide a sobering account of the lengths to which the CIA went during the Cold War to achieve its objectives, often at the expense of legal and moral considerations.

Document Archive

Download the entire “Family Jewels” collection [702 Pages, 21.4MB]

Mandatory Declassification Review Request on First 11 Pages of “Family Jewels” collection [12 Pages, 3.5MB] – On March 22, 2018, I requested a Mandatory Declassification Review (MDR) on the first 11 pages of the Family Jewels document. I requested only the first 11 pages, due to the fact that the first item listen in the breakdown of projects and incidents outlined in the document, is entirely withheld. If anything in the first 11 pages would be unredacted and released, it would pave the way to request a full MDR of the document. However, they continue to deny the information, as of September 2019, when the CIA released the responsive records. The redactions were the same.

The post The “Family Jewels” Collection (CIA) first appeared on The Black Vault.

The released documents relate to an external peer review of the DIA’s Office of Inspector General, Audit Staff. The review was conducted in accordance with Government Auditing Standards and the Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency (CIGIE) Guide for Conducting Peer Reviews of the Audit Organizations of Federal Offices of Inspector General.

The System Review Report states that the review covered the system of quality control for the DIA OIG’s audit organization for the three-year period ending 30 April 2017. The report concludes that the system of quality control was suitably designed and implemented to provide reasonable assurance of compliance with applicable professional standards. The DIA OIG received an External Peer Review rating of “pass.”

The report also mentions that certain limited procedures were applied to DIA OIG’s monitoring of audits performed by Independent Public Accountants (IPAs) under contract. However, it clarifies that these procedures were not subject to Government Auditing Standards and do not result in an opinion on DIA OIG’s monitoring of IPAs’ work.

Overall, the document provides information about the CIA’s response to a FOIA request regarding audit peer-reviews and includes a report on the external peer review of the DIA’s Office of Inspector General, Audit Staff.

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Final Report on the External Peer Review of the Defense Intelligence Agency, Office of Inspector General, Audit Staff (2107-0022-AS) [6 Pages, 1.65MB]

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The post Final Report on the External Peer Review of the Defense Intelligence Agency, Office of Inspector General, Audit Staff (2107-0022-AS) first appeared on The Black Vault.

Although the declassification revealed very little new information, it did shed light on some articles related to interrogation that were used as reference material when the manual was written, prompting further requests by The Black Vault for various “Studies in Intelligence” documents. It appears they have likely been released through other FOIA requests, but requests have been filed to ensure they have been.

The KUBARK Counterintelligence Interrogation Manual provides a comprehensive guide on the interrogation process, focusing on psychological strategies rather than physical coercion. The manual covers various aspects, including the legal and policy considerations, the characteristics of the interrogator and the interrogatee, and different interrogation techniques.

The document emphasizes the importance of understanding the psychological state of the interrogation subject and how it affects brain function. It also discusses the use of drugs in interrogation, physiological responses as a means of evaluating information, the potential uses of hypnosis in interrogation, and the experimental investigation of interpersonal influence.

The July 1963 KUBARK Counterintelligence Interrogation Manual

Download July 1963 KUBARK Counterintelligence Interrogation Manual [132 Pages, 63.4MB]

The post The July 1963 KUBARK Counterintelligence Interrogation Manual first appeared on The Black Vault.

A Mandatory Declassification Review (MDR) request was filed by The Black Vault in May of 2019, and the document was re-released with slightly less redactions in June of 2022.

The document is available below:

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Richard Helms As Director Of Central Intelligence 1966-1973, by Robert M. Hathaway and Russell Jack Smith [230 Pages, 44MB]

The post Richard Helms As Director Of Central Intelligence 1966-1973, by Robert M. Hathaway and Russell Jack Smith first appeared on The Black Vault.

Gerlach’s career was marked by his roles in both academia and research. After obtaining his doctorate in 1912, he served in World War I and then continued his academic pursuits, eventually becoming a professor at the University of Frankfurt in 1921. He moved to the University of Tübingen in 1925 and later to the University of Munich in 1929, where he succeeded Wilhelm Wien. Gerlach made Munich a center of physics research, particularly in the study of atomic and nuclear physics. His own research interests also included thermal radiation, metal physics, and the magnetic and electrical properties of matter.

During World War II, Gerlach played a controversial role in Nazi Germany’s nuclear weapon project, known as the Uranium Club, where he was appointed as the project’s scientific director. After the war, he was detained during Operation Alsos and sent to England under Operation Epsilon, where he was held with other German scientists who had been involved in the nuclear project. Upon his return to Germany, Gerlach resumed his academic career, contributing to the rebuilding of scientific research in the country. He later became the President of the Fraunhofer Society and played a significant role in establishing the European Space Research Organization. Gerlach’s legacy in physics is enduring, with his early work on quantum mechanics remaining a cornerstone of the discipline. He passed away on August 10, 1979, leaving behind a legacy that continues to influence the scientific community.

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CIA Documents Release About Walther Gerlach’s Work Diaries [349 Pages, 96MB]

The post Files on German Physicist Walther Gerlach first appeared on The Black Vault.

The result was an MDR success, wherein the CIA released numerous pages, and lifted numerous redactions, on the record.

The document can be seen below.

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Background on Six Subjects Suggested by Acting DDI, 7 August 1967 [89 Pages, 4.8MB]

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The post Background on Six Subjects Suggested by Acting DDI, 7 August 1967 first appeared on The Black Vault.

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The post CIA’s Certified Safety and Health Committee Reports first appeared on The Black Vault.

In June 2021, The Black Vault filed a Mandatory Declassification Review (MDR) case to get it reviewed and further released. It took until September 2022 for the case to be completed, and as a result, numerous redactions were lifted and new pages of information were revealed, though much still remains redacted.

The document is available below.

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 National Archive and Records Administration (NARA) Index of Classified Records, November 1988 [14 Pages, 2.2MB]

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The post National Archive and Records Administration (NARA) Index of Classified Records, November 1988 first appeared on The Black Vault.

In May 2019, The Black Vault filed a Mandatory Declassification Review (MDR) case to get it reviewed and further released. It took until June of 2022 for the case to be completed, and as a result, numerous redactions were lifted and new information was revealed.

The document is available below.

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Office of Logistics History, 1 July 1952 – 31 December 1956 [66 Pages, 12MB]

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The post Office of Logistics History, 1 July 1952 – 31 December 1956 first appeared on The Black Vault.

More than two years later, sadly, no redactions were lifted, and it was released in the same state it was previously. That release is archived below.

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NATO Intelligence-A Contradiction in Terms, 1984 [16 Pages, 8MB]

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The post NATO Intelligence-A Contradiction in Terms, 1984 first appeared on The Black Vault.

The following records were obtained from the CIA, and released in 2004. They were about the CIA’s museum.

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CIA Museum Documents, Released 2004 [40 Pages, 29MB]

The post CIA Museum Documents, Released 2004 first appeared on The Black Vault.

The document is available, as released, below.

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History of the Office of Research and Development, Volumes 1-3, December 1972 [730 Pages, 176MB]

The post History of the Office of Research and Development (1962-1970), Volumes 1-3, December 1972 first appeared on The Black Vault.

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Congressional Inquiry Concerning Possible KGB Involvement in Attempted Assassination of Pope John Paul, 1983-1984 [17 Pages, 7MB]

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The post Congressional Inquiry Concerning Possible KGB Involvement in Attempted Assassination of Pope John Paul, 1983-1984 first appeared on The Black Vault.

Although previously released, The Black Vault filed a Mandatory Declassification Review (MDR) in May of 2019. In May of 2022, the record was re-released with less redactions than previous versions.

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 CIA History Program, 30 April 1974 [18 Pages, 5MB]

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The records included a May 2018 e-mail from General David Petraeus to Haspel, inviting her to participate in the upcoming Bilderberg Meeting in Turin, Italy. Also included, was the invitation itself with the “Bilderberg Meetings” letterhead.

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General David Petraeus’ Bilderberg Meeting Invitation to Former CIA Director Gina Haspel [6 Pages, 0.5MB]

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The post General David Petraeus’ Bilderberg Meeting Invitation to Former CIA Director Gina Haspel first appeared on The Black Vault.

The following records were obtained from the CIA, which dealt with the 2003 CIA recruitment video, wherein they cast Jennifer Garner (from television show Alias, at the time) to star.

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 Jennifer Garner and the CIA – 2003 Recruitment Video [15 Pages, 4MB]

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In April of 2019, The Black Vault requested a Mandatory Declassification Review (MDR) of the record, in order to get all or some of the redactions listed.

In February of 2022, approaching three years later, the CIA closed the case stating the original unredacted version could not be found for a review.

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Original Document Released

CIA MDR Response Letter

The post Espionage Activities, CIA Memorandum, 27 July 1950 first appeared on The Black Vault.

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The post Memorandum to Inspector General Helgerson from George J. Tenet Regarding Assessment of Performance, 16 February 2005 first appeared on The Black Vault.

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The President’s Daily Brief, 1 July 1967 [8 Pages, 3MB]

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The post The President’s Daily Brief, 1 July 1967 first appeared on The Black Vault.

This record was released in 1997 through the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). It is often referred to as the “CIA’s Assassination Manual” and was written in the early 1950s.

It was released in conjunction with many other files dealing with the CIA-backed overthrow of the then newly-elected leader of Guatemala, Colonel Jacobo Arbenz Guzman.

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A Study of Assassination – The CIA’s Assassination Manual, 1950s [21 Pages, 1.2MB]

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Text Version

The below was created by the National Security Archive, and originally published here. Special thanks to them for creating the below text version of the above document. The Black Vault made minor edits for spacing and formatting.

A STUDY OF ASSASSINATION

DEFINITION

Assassination is a term thought to be derived from “Hashish”, a drug similar to marijuana, said to have been used by Hasan-Dan-Sabah to induce motivation in his followers, who were assigned to carry out political and other murders, usually at the cost of their lives.

It is here used to describe the planned killing of a person who is not under the legal jurisdiction of the killer, who is not physically in the hands of the killer, who has been selected by a resistance organization for death, and who has been selected by a resistance organization for death, and whose death provides positive advantages to that organization.

EMPLOYMENT

Assassination is an extreme measure not normally used in clandestine operations. It should be assumed that it will never be ordered or authorized by any U.S. Headquarters, though the latter may in rare instances agree to its execution by members of an associated foreign service. This reticence is partly due to the necessity for committing communications to paper. No assassination instructions should ever be written or recorded. Consequently, the decision to employ this technique must nearly always be reached in the field, at the area where the act will take place. Decision and instructions should be confined to an absolute minimum of persons. Ideally, only one person will be involved. No report may be made, but usually the act will be properly covered by normal news services, whose output is available to all concerned.

JUSTIFICATION

Murder is not morally justifiable. Self-defense may be argued if the victim has knowledge which may destroy the resistance organization if divulged. Assassination of persons responsible for atrocities or reprisals may be regarded as just punishment. Killing a political leader whose burgeoning career is a clear and present danger to the cause of freedom may be held necessary.

But assassination can seldom be employed with a clear conscience. Persons who are morally squeamish should not attempt it.

CLASSIFICATIONS

The techniques employed will vary according to whether the subject is unaware of his danger, aware but unguarded, or guarded. They will also be affected by whether or not the assassin is to be killed with the subject hereafter, assassinations in which the subject is unaware will be termed “simple”; those where the subject is aware but unguarded will be termed “chase”; those where the victim is guarded will be termed “guarded.”

If the assassin is to die with the subject, the act will be called “lost.” If the assassin is to escape, the adjective will be “safe.” It should be noted that no compromises should exist here. The assassin must not fall alive into enemy hands.

A further type division is caused by the need to conceal the fact that the subject was actually the victim of assassination, rather than an accident or natural causes. If such concealment is desirable the operation will be called “secret” ;; if concealment is immaterial, the act will be called “open”; while if the assassination requires publicity to be effective it will be termed “terroristic.”

Following these definitions, the assassination of Julius Caesar was safe, simple, and terroristic, while that of Huey Long was lost, guarded and open. Obviously, successful secret assassinations are not recorded as assassination at all. [Illeg] o f Thailand and Augustus Caesar may have been the victims of safe, guarded and secret assassination. Chase assassinations usually involve clandestine agents or members of criminal organizations.

THE ASSASSIN

In safe assassinations, the assassin needs the usual qualities of a clandestine agent. He should be determined, courageous, intelligent, resourceful, and physically active. If special equipment is to be used, such as firearms or drugs, it is clear that he must have outstanding skill with such equipment.

Except in terroristic assassinations, it is desirable that the assassin be transient in the area. He should have an absolute minimum of contact with the rest of the organization and his instructions should be given orally by one person only. His safe evacuation after the act is absolutely essential, but here again contact should be as limited as possible. It is preferable that the person issuing instructions also conduct any withdrawal or covering action which may be necessary.

In lost assassination, the assassin must be a fanatic of some sort. Politics, religion, and revenge are about the only feasible motives. Since a fanatic is unstable psychologically, he must be handled with extreme care. He must not know the iden tities of the other members of the organization, for although it is intended that he die in the act, something may go wrong. While the Assassin of Trotsky has never revealed any significant information, it was unsound to depend on this when the act was p lanned.

PLANNING

When the decision to assassinate has been reached, the tactics of the operation must be planned, based upon an estimate of the situation similar to that used in military operations. The preliminary estimate will reveal gaps in information and possibly indicate a need for special equipment which must be procured or constructed. When all necessary data has been collected, an effective tactical plan can be prepared. All planning must be mental; no papers should ever contain evidence of the oper ation.

In resistance situations, assassination may be used as a counter-reprisal. Since this requires advertising to be effective, the resistance organization must be in a position to warn high officials publicly that their lives will be the price of rep risal action against innocent people. Such a threat is of no value unless it can be carried out, so it may be necessary to plan the assassination of various responsible officers of the oppressive regime and hold such plans in readiness to be used only i f provoked by excessive brutality. Such plans must be modified frequently to meet changes in the tactical situation.

TECHNIQUES

The essential point of assassination is the death of the subject. A human being may be killed in many ways but sureness is often overlooked by those who may be emotionally unstrung by the seriousness of this act they intend to commit. The spe cific technique employed will depend upon a large number of variables, but should be constant in one point: Death must be absolutely certain. The attempt on Hitler’s life failed because the conspiracy did not give this matter proper attention.

Techniques may be considered as follows:

1. Manual.

It is possible to kill a man with the bare hands, but very few are skillful enough to do it well. Even a highly trained Judo expert will hesitate to risk killing by hand unless he has absolutely no alternative. However, the simplest local tools a re often much the most efficient means of assassination. A hammer, axe, wrench, screw driver, fire poker, kitchen knife, lamp stand, or anything hard, heavy and handy will suffice. A length of rope or wire or a belt will do if the assassin is strong and agile. All such improvised weapons have the important advantage of availability and apparent innocence. The obviously lethal machine gun failed to kill Trotsky where an item of sporting goods succeeded.

In all safe cases where the assassin may be subject to search, either before or after the act, specialized weapons should not be used. Even in the lost case, the assassin may accidentally be searched before the act and should not carry an incrimin ating device if any sort of lethal weapon can be improvised at or near the site. If the assassin normally carries weapons because of the nature of his job, it may still be desirable to improvise and implement at the scene to avoid disclosure of his ident ity.

2. Accidents.

For secret assassination, either simple or chase, the contrived accident is the most effective technique. When successfully executed, it causes little excitement and is only casually investigated.

The most efficient accident, in simple assassination, is a fall of 75 feet or more onto a hard surface. Elevator shafts, stair wells, unscreened windows and bridges will serve. Bridge falls into water are not reliable. In simple cases a private meeting with the subject may be arranged at a properly-cased location. The act may be executed by sudden, vigorous [excised]of the ankles, tipping the subject over the edge. If the assassin immediately sets up an outcry, playing the “horrified wit ness”, no alibi or surreptitious withdrawal is necessary. In chase cases it will usually be necessary to stun or drug the subject before dropping him. Care is required to insure that no wound or condition not attributable to the fall is discernible after death.

Falls into the sea or swiftly flowing rivers may suffice if the subject cannot swim. It will be more reliable if the assassin can arrange to attempt rescue, as he can thus be sure of the subject’s death and at the same time establish a workable al ibi.

If the subject’s personal habits make it feasible, alcohol may be used [2 words excised] to prepare him for a contrived accident of any kind.

Falls before trains or subway cars are usually effective, but require exact timing and can seldom be free from unexpected observation.

Automobile accidents are a less satisfactory means of assassination. If the subject is deliberately run down, very exact timing is necessary and investigation is likely to be thorough. If the subject’s car is tampered with, reliability is very lo w. The subject may be stunned or drugged and then placed in the car, but this is only reliable when the car can be run off a high cliff or into deep water without observation.

Arson can cause accidental death if the subject is drugged and left in a burning building. Reliability is not satisfactory unless the building is isolated and highly combustible.

3. Drugs.

In all types of assassination except terroristic, drugs can be very effective. If the assassin is trained as a doctor or nurse and the subject is under medical care, this is an easy and rare method. An overdose of morphine administered as a sedat ive will cause death without disturbance and is difficult to detect. The size of the dose will depend upon whether the subject has been using narcotics regularly. If not, two grains will suffice.

If the subject drinks heavily, morphine or a similar narcotic can be injected at the passing out stage, and the cause of death will often be held to be acute alcoholism.

Specific poisons, such as arsenic or strychine, are effective but their possession or procurement is incriminating, and accurate dosage is problematical. Poison was used unsuccessfully in the assassination of Rasputin and Kolohan, though the latte r case is more accurately described as a murder.

4. Edge Weapons

Any locally obtained edge device may be successfully employed. A certain minimum of anatomical knowledge is needed for reliability.

Puncture wounds of the body cavity may not be reliable unless the heart is reached. The heart is protected by the rib cage and is not always easy to locate.

Abdominal wounds were once nearly always mortal, but modern medical treatment has made this no longer true.

Absolute reliability is obtained by severing the spinal cord in the cervical region. This can be done with the point of a knife or a light blow of an axe or hatchet.

Another reliable method is the severing of both jugular and carotid blood vessels on both sides of the windpipe.

If the subject has been rendered unconscious by other wounds or drugs, either of the above methods can be used to insure death.

5. Blunt Weapons

As with edge weapons, blunt weapons require some anatomical knowledge for effective use. Their main advantage is their universal availability. A hammer may be picked up almost anywhere in the world. Baseball and [illeg]bats are very widely dist ributed. Even a rock or a heavy stick will do, and nothing resembling a weapon need be procured, carried or subsequently disposed of.

Blows should be directed to the temple, the area just below and behind the ear, and the lower, rear portion of the skull. Of course, if the blow is very heavy, any portion of the upper skull will do. The lower frontal portion of the head, from th e eyes to the throat, can withstand enormous blows without fatal consequences.

6. Firearms

Firearms are often used in assassination, often very ineffectively. The assassin usually has insufficient technical knowledge of the limitations of weapons, and expects more range, accuracy and killing power than can be provided with reliability. Since certainty of death is the major requirement, firearms should be used which can provide destructive power at least 100% in excess of that thought to be necessary, and ranges should be half that considered practical for the weapon.

Firearms have other drawbacks. Their possession is often incriminating. They may be difficult to obtain. They require a degree of experience from the user. They are [illeg]. Their [illeg]is consistently over-rated.

However, there are many cases in which firearms are probably more efficient than any other means. These cases usually involve distance between the assassin and the subject, or comparative physical weakness of the assassin, as with a woman.

62 kk and others of this type. These are preferable to ordinary military calibers, since ammunition available for them is usually of the expanding bullet type, whereas most ammunition for military rifles is full jacketed and hence not sufficiently let hal. Military ammunition should not be altered by filing or drilling bullets, as this will adversely affect accuracy.

The rifle may be of the “bull gun” variety, with extra heavy barrel and set triggers, but in any case should be capable of maximum precision. Ideally, the weapon should be able to group in one inch at one hundred yards, but 21/2″ groups are adequa te. The sight should be telescopic, not only for accuracy, but because such a sight is much better in dim light or near darkness. As long as the bare outline of the target is discernable, a telescope sight will work, even if the rifle and shooter are in total darkness.

An expanding, hunting bullet of such calibers as described above will produce extravagant laceration and shock at short or mid-range. If a man is struck just once in the body cavity, his death is almost entirely certain.

Public figures or guarded officials may be killed with great reliability and some safety if a firing point can be established prior to an official occasion. The propaganda value of this system may be very high.

(b) The machine gun.

Machine guns may be used in most cases where the precision rifle is applicable. Usually, this will require

the subversion of a unit of an official guard at a ceremony, though a skillful and determined team might conceivably dispose of a loyal gun crow without commotion and take over the gun at the critical time.

The area fire capacity of the machine gun should not be used to search out a concealed subject. This was tried with predictable lack of success on Trotsky. The automatic feature of the machine gun should rather be used to increase reliability by placing a 5 second burst on the subject. Even with full jacket ammunition, this will be absolute lethal is the burst pattern is no larger than a man. This can be accomplished at about 150 yards. In ideal circumstances, a properly padded and targeted ma chine gun can do it at 850 yards. The major difficulty is placing the first burst exactly on the target, as most machine gunners are trained to spot their fire on target by observation of strike. This will not do in assassination as the subject will not wait.

(c) The Submachine Gun.

This weapon, known as the “machine-pistol” by the Russians and Germans and “machine-carbine” by the British, is occasionally useful in assassination. Unlike the rifle and machine gun, this is a short range weapon and since it fires pistol ammu nition, much less powerful. To be reliable, it should deliver at least 5 rounds into the subject’s chest, though the .45 caliber U.S. weapons have a much larger margin of killing efficiency than the 9 mm European arms.

The assassination range of the sub-machine gun is point

blank. While accurate single rounds can be delivered by sub-machine gunners at 50 yards or more, this is not certain enough for assassination. Under ordinary circumstances, the 5MG should be used as a fully automatic weapon. In the hands of a capabl e gunner, a high cyclic rate is a distinct advantage, as speed of execution is most desirable, particularly in the case of multiple subjects.

The sub-machine gun is especially adapted to indoor work when more than one subject is to be assassinated. An effective technique has been devised for the use of a pair of sub-machine gunners, by which a room containing as many as a dozen subjects can be “purifico” in about twenty seconds with little or no risk to the gunners. It is illustrated below.

While the U.S. sub-machine guns fire the most lethal cartridges, the higher cyclic rate of some foreign weapons enable the gunner to cover a target quicker with acceptable pattern density. The Bergmann Model 1934 is particularly good in this way. The Danish Madman? SMG has a moderately good cyclic rate and is admirably compact and concealable. The Russian SHG’s have a good cyclic rate, but are handicapped by a small, light protective which requires more kits for equivalent killing effect.

(d) The Shotgun.

A large bore shotgun is a most effective

killing instrument as long as the range is kept under ten yards. It should normally be used only on single targets as it cannot sustain fire successfully. The barrel may be “sawed” off for convenience, but this is not a significant factor in its killi ng performance. Its optimum range is just out of reach of the subject. 00 buckshot is considered the best shot size for a twelve gage gun, but anything from single balls to bird shot will do if the range is right. The assassin should aim for the solar plexus as the shot pattern is small at close range and can easily [illeg]the head.

(e) The Pistol.

While the handgun is quite inefficient as a weapon of assassination, it is often used, partly because it is readily available and can be concealed on the person, and partly because its limitations are not widely appreciated. While many well kn own assassinations have been carried out with pistols (Lincoln, Harding, Ghandi), such attempts fail as often as they succeed, (Truman, Roosevelt, Churchill).

If a pistol is used, it should be as powerful as possible and fired from just beyond reach. The pistol and the shotgun are used in similar tactical situations, except that the shotgun is much more lethal and the pistol is much more easily conceale d.

In the hands of an expert, a powerful pistol is quite deadly, but such experts are rare and not usually available for assassination missions.

.45 Colt, .44 Special, .455 Kly, .45 A.S.[illeg](U.S. Service) and .357 Magnum are all efficient calibers. Less powerful

rounds can suffice but are less reliable. Sub-power cartridges such as the .32s and .25s should be avoided.

In all cases, the subject should be hit solidly at least three times for complete reliability.

(f) Silent Firearms

The sound of the explosion of the proponent in a firearm can be effectively silenced by appropriate attachments. However, the sound of the projective passing through the air cannot, since this sound is generated outside the weapon. In cases w here the velocity of the bullet greatly exceeds that of sound, the noise so generated is much louder than that of the explosion. Since all powerful rifles have muzzle velocities of over 2000 feet per second, they cannot be silenced.

Pistol bullets, on the other hand, usually travel slower than sound and the sound of their flight is negligible. Therefore, pistols, submachine guns and any sort of improvised carbine or rifle which will take a low velocity cartridge can be silenced. The user should not forget that the sound of the operation of a repeating action is considerable, and that the sound of bullet strike, particularly in bone is quite loud.

Silent firearms are only occasionally useful to the assassin, though they have been widely publicized in this connection. Because permissible velocity is low, effective precision range is held to about 100 yards with rifle or carbine type weapons, while with pistols, silent or otherwise,

are most efficient just beyond arms length. The silent feature attempts to provide a degree of safety to the assassin, but mere possession of a silent firearm is likely to create enough hazard to counter the advantage of its silence. The silent pistol combines the disadvantages of any pistol with the added one of its obviously clandestine purpose.

A telescopically sighted, closed-action carbine shooting a low velocity bullet of great weight, and built for accuracy, could be very useful to an assassin in certain situations. At the time of writing, no such weapon is known to exist.

7. Explosives.

Bombs and demolition charges of various sorts have been used frequently in assassination. Such devices, in terroristic and open assassination, can provide safety and overcome guard barriers, but it is curious that bombs have often been the implement of lost assassinations.

The major factor which affects reliability is the use of explosives for assassination. the charge must be very large and the detonation must be controlled exactly as to time by the assassin who can observe the subject. A small or moderate explosive charge is highly unreliable as a cause of death, and time delay or booby-trap devices are extremely prone to kill the wrong man. In addition to the moral aspects of indiscriminate killing, the death of casual bystanders can often produce public reactions unfavorable to the cause for which the assassination is carried out.

Bombs or grenades should never be thrown at a subject. While this

will always cause a commotion and may even result in the subject’s death, it is sloppy, unreliable, and bad propaganda. The charge must be too small and the assassin is never sure of: (1)reaching his attack position, (2) placing the charge close en ough to the target and (3) firing the charge at the right time.

Placing the charge surreptitiously in advance permits a charge of proper size to be employed, but requires accurate prediction of the subject’s movements.

Ten pounds of high explosive should normally be regarded as a minimum, and this is explosive of fragmentation material. The latter can consist of any hard, [illeg]material as long as the fragments are large enough. Metal or rock fragments should be walnut-size rather than pen-size. If solid plates are used, to be ruptured by the explosion, cast iron, 1″ thick, gives excellent fragmentation. Military or commercial high explosives are practical for use in assassination. Homemade or improvised e xplosives should be avoided. While possibly powerful, they tend to be dangerous and unreliable. Anti-personnel explosive missiles are excellent, provided the assassin has sufficient technical knowledge to fuse them properly. 81 or 82 mm mortar shells, or the 120 mm mortar shell, are particularly good. Anti-personnel shells for 85, 88, 90, 100 and 105 mm guns and howitzers are both large enough to be completely reliable and small enough to be carried by one man.

The charge should be so placed that the subject is not ever six feet from it at the moment of detonation.

A large, shaped charge with the [illeg]filled with iron fragments (such as 1″ nuts and bolts) will fire a highly lethal shotgun-type

The charge should be so placed that the subject is not ever six feet from it at the moment of detonation.

A large, shaped charge with the [illeg]filled with iron fragments (such as 1″ nuts and bolts) will fire a highly lethal shotgun-type

Any firing device may be used which permits exact control by the assassin. An ordinary commercial or military explorer is efficient, as long as it is rigged for instantaneous action with no time fuse in the system.

The wise [illeg]electric target can serve as the triggering device and provide exact timing from as far away as the assassin can reliably hit the target. This will avid the disadvantages of stringing wire between the proposed positions of the ass assin and the subject, and also permit the assassin to fire the charge from a variety of possible positions.

The radio switch can be [illeg]to fire [illeg], though its reliability is somewhat lower and its procurement may not be easy.

EXAMPLES

([illeg]may be presented brief outlines, with critical evaluations of the following assassinations and attempts:

CONFERENCE ROOM TECHNIQUE

The post A Study of Assassination – The CIA’s Assassination Manual, 1950s first appeared on The Black Vault.

Operation CHAOS or Operation MHCHAOS was the code name for a domestic espionage project conducted by the Central Intelligence Agency. A department within the CIA was established in 1967 on orders from President of the United States Lyndon B. Johnson and later expanded under President Richard Nixon.

The operation was launched under Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) Richard Helms, by chief of counter-intelligence, James Jesus Angleton, and headed by Richard Ober. The program’s goal was to unmask possible foreign influences on the student antiwar movement.

Below, you will find the documents collected under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), which includes records on not only Operation CHAOS, but also these related programs:

Project MERRIMAC – Designed to infiltrate domestic antiwar and radical organizations thought to pose a threat to security of CIA property and personnel.

Project RESISTANCE – Worked with college administrators, campus security and local police to identify anti-war activists and political dissidents without any infiltration taking place

Central Intelligence Agency Documents

 CIA Batch #1 [ 49 Pages, 2.42MB ]

 CIA Batch #2 [ 28 Pages, 1.25MB ]

 CIA Batch #3 [ 40 Pages, 1.29MB ]

The CD-ROM Index

CIA Batch #4 – CD-ROM Collection [ 2,663 Pages Total ] – The CIA had created a CD-ROM of the entire contents of their releasable collection, pertaining to these projects.  The contents below are unindexed, and archived here at The Black Vault just like they were received. If you are interested in writing an index, please feel free to write to contact@theblackvault.com so the below index can be expanded, and a bit more detailed. (Full credit is given to those that help).

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The post Projects CHAOS / MERRIMAC / RESISTANCE first appeared on The Black Vault.

This movie was obtained via the Freedom of Information Act and received from the CIA by The Black Vault.

This 2011 documentary film produced by the CIA discusses the history behind John Downey and Richard Fecteau, two CIA operatives who were captured by Communist China during a mission there in 1952. The two agents would be held prisoner by the People’s Republic of China until they were finally released in December of 1971, later being awarded for their bravery and conduct.

Movie Archive

The post Extraordinary Fidelity: The Story of Richard Fecteau & John Downey (CIA Produced Movie) first appeared on The Black Vault.

The following document was first released in 2005. In February of 2019, The Black Vault filed a Mandatory Declassification Review (MDR) request for the record to be further declassified. Although some information was, there was not a lot newly revealed.

The 2019 released version is shown below.

Document Archive

Trip to NSA at Ft. Meade, 29 November 1958 [4 Pages, 1.5MB]

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The post Trip to NSA at Ft. Meade, 29 November 1958 first appeared on The Black Vault.

There have been a lot of rumors and allegations against what “Mockingbird” actually was, but it appears that quite possibly, there were two project names. One has been confirmed while the other remains elusive (if real at all).

Project Mockingbird

PROJECT Mockingbird was a wiretapping operation initiated by President John F. Kennedy to identify the sources of government leaks by eavesdropping on the communications of journalists.

This is the program mentioned in the CIA records below, and The Black Vault also added records from the Gerald Ford Presidential Library on the same.

Operation Mockingbird

OPERATION Mockingbird was a alleged secret campaign by the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to influence media. Begun in the 1950s, it was said to be initially organized by Cord Meyer and Allen W. Dulles, it was later led by Frank Wisner after Dulles became the head of the CIA.

The organization recruited leading American journalists into a network to help present the CIA’s views, and funded some student and cultural organizations, and magazines as fronts. As it developed, it also worked to influence foreign media and political campaigns, in addition to activities by other operating units of the CIA.

Declassified Documents

Central Intelligence Agency – Project Mockingbird

CIA Records on Project Mockingbird – 2013 Release – [6 Pages, 1.7MB]

This request was originally filed in 2013. However, I believe now not everything was given to me, likely due to the description of records seeking OPERATION Mockingbird vs. PROJECT Mockingbird records. A frustrating aspect to the FOIA, which although I can not confirm that’s what happened – I filed again in December of 2020, and received additional records on PROJECT Mockingbird.

CIA Records on Project Mockingbird – 2021 Release – [268 Pages, 11MB]

(Note: The 700+ page document referenced for additional purchase is the “Family Jewels” collection, which has already been on The Black Vault for many years.)

Gerald Ford Presidential Library – Project Mockingbird

Gerald Ford Presidential Library Records on Project Mockingbird [48 Pages, 8MB]

The post Project Mockingbird / Operation Mockingbird first appeared on The Black Vault.

The United States President’s Commission on CIA Activities within the United States was set up under President Gerald Ford in 1975 to investigate the activities of the Central Intelligence Agency and other intelligence agencies within the United States. The commission was led by the Vice President, Nelson Rockefeller, and is sometimes referred to as the Rockefeller Commission.

The commission was created in response to a December 1974 report in The New York Times that the CIA had conducted illegal domestic activities, including experiments on U.S. citizens, during the 1960s. The commission issued a single report in 1975, touching upon certain CIA abuses including mail opening and surveillance of domestic dissident groups. It publicized Project MKUltra, a CIA mind control study.

It also studied issues relating to the John F. Kennedy assassination, specifically the head snap as seen in the Zapruder film (first shown on television in 1975), and the possible presence of E. Howard Hunt and Frank Sturgis in Dallas, Texas.

Below you will find the full report, as obtained from the President Gerald Ford Library.

Document Archive

The Final Rockefeller Commission Report, June 1975 [303 Pages, 17MB]

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The post The Final Rockefeller Commission Report, June 1975 first appeared on The Black Vault.