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		<title>FBI Files: Scientists and Medical Professionals</title>
		<link>https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/fbi-files-scientists-and-medical-professionals/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=fbi-files-scientists-and-medical-professionals</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[John Greenewald]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 09 Jan 2026 17:00:28 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[FBI Files / Domestic & Foreign Intelligence]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Science]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>Welcome to the dedicated archive of FBI files on Scientists and Medical Professionals at The Black Vault. This specialized collection offers a revealing window into the FBI&#8217;s monitoring and investigation of notable individuals within the scientific and medical communities. The documents housed in this archive provide a unique perspective on how these professionals and their [...]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/fbi-files-scientists-and-medical-professionals/">FBI Files: Scientists and Medical Professionals</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></description>
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<p>Welcome to the dedicated archive of FBI files on Scientists and Medical Professionals at The Black Vault. This specialized collection offers a revealing window into the FBI&#8217;s monitoring and investigation of notable individuals within the scientific and medical communities. The documents housed in this archive provide a unique perspective on how these professionals and their work intersected with national security interests and intelligence activities. From renowned scientists to influential medical practitioners, these files uncover the often unseen scrutiny and attention they received from the FBI, highlighting the complex relationship between government surveillance and the advancement of science and medicine.</p>
<p>As you delve into this archive, you will find a trove of FBI files that include background checks, correspondence, and investigative reports. These files not only chronicle the professional achievements and personal lives of these individuals but also shed light on the historical and political contexts in which they lived and worked. This collection is an invaluable resource for researchers, historians, and anyone with an interest in the history of science and medicine, as well as the role of government oversight in these fields. It offers a fascinating exploration of the balance between protecting national interests and fostering the growth of scientific and medical knowledge.</p>
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<h3>Document Archive</h3>
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<td style="height: 104px;"><strong><img decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-5815" src="http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/haroldabramson.png" alt="" width="75" height="100" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/haroldabramson-fbi1.pdf">Abramson, Harold Alexander </a></strong>&#8211; [20 Pages, 9.9 MB] &#8211; Harold Alexander Abramson (November 27, 1899 – September 1980) was an American physician (allergist and pediatrician) noted as an early advocate of therapeutic LSD. He played a significant role in CIA&#8217;s MKULTRA program to investigate the military applications of LSD.</td>
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<td style="height: 671px;"><strong><img decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-15583" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/1-11-2022-3-53-46-AM.jpg" alt="" width="75" height="100" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /><a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/robertbacher-fbi-russkick1.pdf">Bacher, Robert</a> &#8211; </strong>FBI Release to Russ Kick &#8211;  [355 Pages, 146MB]<br />
<strong><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /><a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/robertbacher-fbi1.pdf">Bacher, Robert</a> </strong>&#8211; FBI Release &#8211;  [90 Pages, 10.2MB]  &#8211; Robert Fox Bacher (August 31, 1905 – November 18, 2004) was an American nuclear physicist and one of the leaders of the Manhattan Project. Born in Loudonville, Ohio, Bacher obtained his undergraduate degree and doctorate from the University of Michigan, writing his 1930 doctoral thesis under the supervision of Samuel Goudsmit on the Zeeman effect of the hyperfine structure of atomic levels. After graduate work at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), he accepted a job at Columbia University. In 1935 he accepted an offer from Hans Bethe to work with him at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, It was there that Bacher collaborated with Bethe on his book Nuclear Physics. A: Stationary States of Nuclei (1936), the first of three books that would become known as the &#8220;Bethe Bible&#8221;.</p>
<p>In December 1940, Bacher joined the Radiation Laboratory at MIT, although he did not immediately cease his research at Cornell into the neutron cross section of cadmium. The Radiation Laboratory was organized into two sections, one for incoming radar signals, and one for outgoing radar signals. Bacher was appointed to handle the incoming signals section. Here he gained valuable experience in administration, coordinating not just the efforts of his scientists, but also those of General Electric and RCA. In 1942, Bacher was approached by Robert Oppenheimer to join the Manhattan Project at its new laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico. It was at Bacher&#8217;s insistence that Los Alamos became a civilian rather than a military laboratory. At Los Alamos, Bacher headed the project&#8217;s P (Physics) Division, and later its G (Gadget) Division. Bacher worked closely with Oppenheimer, and the two men discussed the project&#8217;s progress on a daily basis.</p>
<p>Note: <em>These records were provided by the family of anthologist and transparency activist <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/russkick" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Russ Kick</a>, from his papers, facilitated by the generous assistance of Dr. Susan Maret. This is not a complete collection set of his papers, but rather, a selection of items sent to The Black Vault for digital preservation.</em></td>
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<td style="height: 976px;"><strong><img decoding="async" class="alignleft" src="https://documents.theblackvault.com/images/fbifiles/unknown.png" alt="Donald L. West" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /><a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/troybecker-fbi1.pdf">Becker, Troy</a> </strong>&#8211; FBI Release #1 &#8211; [321 Pages, 139MB]<br />
<strong><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /><a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/troybecker-fbi2.pdf">Becker, Troy</a> </strong>&#8211; FBI Release #2 &#8211; [371 Pages, 243MB]<br />
<strong><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /><a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/troybecker-fbi3.pdf">Becker, Troy </a></strong>&#8211; FBI Release #3 &#8211;<i> </i>[299 Pages, 17.2MB]<br />
<strong><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /><a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/troybecker-fbi4.pdf">Becker, Troy </a></strong>&#8211; FBI Release #4 &#8211; [237 Pages, 10.6MB]<br />
<strong><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /><a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/troybecker-fbi5.pdf">Becker, Troy </a></strong>&#8211; FBI Release #5 &#8211; [118 Pages, 4.5MB]<br />
<strong><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /><a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/troybecker-fbi6.pdf">Becker, Troy</a> </strong>&#8211; FBI Release #6 &#8211; [412 Pages, 17MB]<br />
<strong><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /><a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/troybecker-fbi7.pdf">Becker, Troy</a> </strong>&#8211; FBI Release #7 &#8211; [264 Pages, 12.3MB]<br />
<strong><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /><a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/troybecker-fbi8.pdf">Becker, Troy</a> </strong>&#8211; FBI Release #8 &#8211; [168 Pages, 9.6MB]<br />
<strong><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /><a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/troybecker-fbi9.pdf">Becker, Troy</a> </strong>&#8211; FBI Release #9 &#8211; [114 Pages, 45MB]<br />
<strong><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /><a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/troybecker-fbi10.pdf">Becker, Troy</a> </strong>&#8211; FBI Release #10 &#8211; [181 Pages, 30MB] &#8211;<br />
<strong><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /><a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/troybecker-fbi11.pdf">Becker, Troy</a> </strong>&#8211; FBI Release #11 &#8211; [66 Pages, 10MB] &#8211; Dr. Troy Eugene Becker (1916-2004) was a chemist who learned about a process to recover gold from ore.  But the federal authorities were unhappy that he claimed to be able to recover gold from ore that had no apparent gold in it, and as a result prosecuted him for fraud.  The scientific framework of the time did not allow for chemical transmutation of elements, despite the fact that such chemical transmutation had been studied by scientists throughout the world, with the results published widely in the scientific literature in the 1920s.  This work is discussed in the 2016 book <a style="font-size: 13.6923px; background-color: transparent; text-align: initial;" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0996886419/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lost History</a><span style="font-size: 13.6923px; background-color: transparent; text-align: initial; color: var(--body-color);"> by Steven B. Krivit, </span><span style="font-size: 13.6923px; background-color: transparent; text-align: initial; color: var(--body-color);">and the remarkable historical research in Part II of the excellent book Adept Alchemy by Robert Nelson, available online </span><a style="font-size: 13.6923px; background-color: transparent; text-align: initial;" href="http://www.levity.com/alchemy/nelson_contents.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">here</a><span style="font-size: 13.6923px; background-color: transparent; text-align: initial; color: var(--body-color);">. </span>Becker believed that he was aggregating and recovering so-called atomic particle gold, but it appears that he may have instead stumbled into a transmutation process related to low energy nuclear reactions (LENR) that altered the mix of elements in the ore. Theorist Lewis Larsen has received patents for processes of this sort and has <a href="https://www.slideshare.net/lewisglarsen/favorites" target="_blank" rel="noopener">written extensively</a> on the subject. After World War II, a Czechoslovakian geologist, Dr. Walter Lussage (died 1977), who worked at the University of Washington, taught Jack Keller how to capture gold using electrolysis, what he referred to as a selective precipitation process using electromagnetic resonance techniques.  Later there was experimentation with extracting platinum group metals. In turn, Lussage and Keller taught several others about the processes:  chemists Dr. Troy Becker and Dr. T. Miller, and physicist Dr. Janice M. Miller.  Victor Denny commissioned a project to recover microfine gold associated with geological deposits in Washington State.  Also involved with the group was Joseph E. Champion, who has written about this activity in his book <a href="http://www.rexresearch.com/champion/20thCenturyAlchemy.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">20th Century Alchemy</a>. By the time the federal government brought charges of fraud, Lussage and Keller had died, as had the Millers, and Becker was the only survivor among the researchers.  Becker was unable to explain how they had taken minerals that showed no gold, silver and platinum group metals, and from that mineral extract those elements.  Expert witnesses testified that Becker must have salted the furnace with (added) those metals to the furnace for the purpose of conducting fraud.  But Becker had most likely uncovered a useful form of chemical transmutation.  The court opinion from his case is <a href="https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/569/951/35232/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">posted here</a>. The 2016 book <a href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0996886451" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Hacking the Atom</a>, by Steven B. Krivit, contains an extensive discussion of aspects of Joseph Champion&#8217;s controversial entanglement with Professor John Bockris and Texas A&amp;M University.  Bockris faced tremendous professional criticism from his research into transmutation.</td>
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<td style="height: 286px;"><strong><img decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-13771" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/3-24-2021-6-01-41-AM.jpg" alt="" width="75" height="100" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /><a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/nielsbohr-fbi1.pdf">Bohr, Niels</a> </strong>&#8211; FBI Release #1 &#8211; [396 Pages, 19.83MB]<br />
<strong><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /><a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/nielsbohr-fbi2.pdf">Bohr, Niels</a> </strong>&#8211; FBI Release #2 &#8211; [6 Pages, 1.4MB] &#8211; Niels Henrik David Bohr (7 October 1885 – 18 November 1962) was a Danish physicist who made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum theory, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922. Bohr was also a philosopher and a promoter of scientific research. Bohr developed the Bohr model of the atom, in which he proposed that energy levels of electrons are discrete and that the electrons revolve in stable orbits around the atomic nucleus but can jump from one energy level (or orbit) to another. Although the Bohr model has been supplanted by other models, its underlying principles remain valid. He conceived the principle of complementarity: that items could be separately analyzed in terms of contradictory properties, like behaving as a wave or a stream of particles. The notion of complementarity dominated Bohr&#8217;s thinking in both science and philosophy.</td>
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<td style="height: 188px;"><strong><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-15936" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/3-1-2022-3-57-46-PM.jpg" alt="" width="75" height="100" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/winstonbostick-fbi1.pdf">Bostick, Winston</a></strong> &#8211; [63 Pages, 30MB] &#8211; Winston H. Bostick (March 5, 1916 – January 19, 1991) was an American physicist who discovered plasmoids, plasma focus, and plasma vortex phenomena. He simulated cosmical astrophysics with laboratory plasma experiments, and showed that Hubble expansion can be produced with repulsive mutual induction between neighboring galaxies acting as homopolar generators. His work on plasmas was claimed to be evidence for finite-sized elementary particles and the composition of strings, but this is not accepted by mainstream science.<strong><br />
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<td style="height: 384px;"><strong><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class=" alignleft" src="https://documents.theblackvault.com/images/fbifiles/lesterbreslow.png" alt="Lester Breslow" width="75" height="100" align="left" border="1" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/historical/lesterbreslow.pdf"><strong>Breslow, Lester</strong></a></strong> &#8211; [396 Pages, 19.83 MB] &#8211; Lester Breslow (March 17, 1915, in Bismarck, ND, USA &#8211; April 9, 2012, in Los Angeles) was an American physician who promoted public health. He received his undergraduate degree from the University of Minnesota, which is also where he received his MD and MPH. Dr. Breslow served in the United States Army during World War II, and when he returned took a position with the California State Department of Public Health. While in medical school he was studying to be a psychiatrist, and as a junior he worked for a summer in the Fergus Falls Minnesota State Hospital for the Insane. His experience there left him discouraged once he realized that in that time, there was not much they could do for those patients except keep them out of harm&#8217;s way. When he returned to medical school for his senior year he told a friend on his, also a faculty member, about his feelings and was introduced to a new professor of public health, Gaylord Anderson. Anderson was the one that got Breslow set on a career in epidemiology. Dr. Breslow was considered an exemplary doctor as well as a genuinely good person. In an obituary written by one of his former &#8220;protégées&#8221; it says, &#8220;I was one of Lester&#8217;s preventative medicine residents 15 years ago…Having had an opportunity to observe him engage with &#8216;paupers&#8217; and &#8216;kings,&#8217; I can attest to his treatment of all with respect and appreciation for their humanity, abilities, and contributions. I can also attest to his refusal to accept anything less than the best, from others (like me!) and particularly, from himself.&#8221;</td>
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<p><strong><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-5605" src="http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/thomastownsendbrown.png" alt="" width="75" height="100" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/tbrown-fbi1.pdf">Brown, Thomas Townsend</a> </strong>&#8211; [4 Pages, 0.8MB] &#8211; Thomas Townsend Brown (March 18, 1905 – October 27, 1985) was an American inventor whose research into odd electrical effects led him to believe he had discovered a connection between strong electric fields and gravity, a type of antigravity effect. For most of his life he attempted to develop devices based on his ideas, trying to promote them for use by industry and the military. He came up with the name &#8220;Biefeld–Brown effect&#8221; for the phenomenon he had discovered and called the field of study electrogravitics.</p>
<p>According to the FBI, the files relating to Brown are either lost or destroyed or both.</td>
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<td style="height: 216px;"><strong><strong><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class=" alignleft" src="https://documents.theblackvault.com/images/fbifiles/vannevarbush.png" alt="Vannevar Bush" width="75" height="100" align="left" border="1" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/vannevarbush.pdf"><strong>Bush, Vannevar</strong></a></strong></strong> &#8211; [ 241 Pages, 78.1 MB ] &#8211; Vannevar Bush (March 11, 1890 – June 28, 1974) was an American engineer, inventor and science administrator, whose most important contribution was as head of the U.S. Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) during World War II, through which almost all wartime military R&amp;D was carried out, including initiation and early administration of the Manhattan Project. He is also known in engineering for his work on analog computers, for founding Raytheon, and for the memex, an adjustable microfilm viewer with a structure analogous to that of the World Wide Web.  Bush was also an alleged member of the Majestic-12 (MJ-12) group. <em> <strong>Please note:</strong> As admitted by the FBI, an entire file on Bush was destroyed. According to the FBI: &#8220;One record (161-BS-1452) which may be responsive to your FOIA request was destroyed in April of 1998.&#8221;</em></td>
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<td style="height: 192px;"><strong><strong><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-5755" src="http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/donaldcameron.png" alt="" width="75" height="100" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/cia/donaldcameron-fbi1.pdf">Cameron, Donald Ewen </a></strong></strong>&#8211; [21 Pages, 8.3MB ] &#8211; Donald Ewen Cameron (24 December 1901 – 8 September 1967) — known as D. Ewen Cameron or Ewen Cameron — was a Scottish-born psychiatrist who served as President of the American Psychiatric Association (1952–1953), Canadian Psychiatric Association (1958-1959), American Psychopathological Association (1963), Society of Biological Psychiatry (1965) and World Psychiatric Association (1961-1966). In spite of his high professional reputation, he has been criticized for administering electroshock therapy and experimental drugs to patients without their informed consent. Some of this work took place in the context of the Project MKUltra mind control program.</td>
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<td style="height: 240px;"><strong><strong><strong><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class=" alignleft" src="https://documents.theblackvault.com/images/fbifiles/edwardcondon.png" alt="Edward Condon" width="75" height="100" align="left" border="1" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" />  <strong>Condon, Edward Uhler</strong></strong></strong> [ <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/Condon1.pdf">File #1</a> (312MB) | <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/Condon2.pdf">File #2</a> (0.1MB) | <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/Condon3.pdf">File #3</a> (0.1MB) | <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/Condon4.pdf">File #4</a> (177MB) ]-</strong> [ 1,777 Pages ] &#8211; Edward Uhler Condon (March 2, 1902 – March 26, 1974) was a distinguished American nuclear physicist, a pioneer in quantum mechanics, and a participant in the development of radar and nuclear weapons during World War II as part of the Manhattan Project. The Franck–Condon principle and the Slater–Condon rules are named after him.  Condon became widely known in 1968 as principal author of the Condon Report, an official review funded by the United States Air Force that concluded that unidentified flying objects (UFOs) have prosaic explanations. The lunar crater Condon is named for him.  <em><strong>Please note: </strong>The FBI stated there MAY be additional records pertaining to Condon. I requested the remaining material, and if any exists, will post it when available. Press the &#8220;subscribe&#8221; button for this page to be notified when it&#8217;s updated.</em></td>
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<td style="height: 120px;"><strong><strong><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class=" alignleft" src="https://documents.theblackvault.com/images/fbifiles/edgarcortright.png" alt="Edgar Cortright" width="75" height="100" align="left" border="1" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/edgarmauricecortwright.pdf"><strong>Cortright, Edgar</strong></a></strong></strong> &#8211; [15 Pages, 0.6MB] &#8211; Edgar Maurice Cortright (July 29, 1923 – May 4, 2014) was a scientist and engineer, and senior official at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in the United States. His most prominent positions during his career were Director of NASA&#8217;s Langley Research Center, and Chairman of the Apollo 13 Review Board which investigated the explosion that occurred during the Apollo 13 spaceflight in 1970.</td>
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<td style="height: 216px;"><strong><strong><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-6214" src="http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/albertcrary.png" alt="" width="75" height="100" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /><a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/albertcrary-fbi1.pdf">Crary, Albert </a></strong></strong>&#8211; [7 Pages, 3.8MB] &#8211; Albert Paddock Crary (July 25, 1911 – October 29, 1987), was a pioneer polar geophysicist and glaciologist.  He was the first person to have stepped foot on both the North and South Poles, having made it to the North Pole on May 3, 1952 (with Joseph O. Fletcher and William P. Benedict) and then to the South Pole on February 12, 1961, as the leader of a team of eight.  The South Pole expedition set out from McMurdo Station on December 10, 1960, using three Snowcats with trailers. Crary was the seventh expedition leader to arrive at the South Pole by surface transportation (the six others before him were—in sequence—Amundsen, Scott, Hillary, Fuchs, a Russian expedition in 1959/60 from Vostok base, and Antero Havola).  He was widely admired for his intellect, wit, skills and as a great administrator for polar research expeditions.</td>
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<td style="height: 104px;"><strong><strong><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-12768" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/1-6-2021-10-15-41-AM.jpg" alt="" width="75" height="100" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /><a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/johncraven-fbi1.pdf">Craven, John P.</a> </strong></strong>&#8211; FBI Release #1 &#8211; [16 Pages, 1MB]<br />
<strong><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /><a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/johncraven-fbi2.pdf">Craven, John P.</a> </strong>&#8211; FBI Release #2 &#8211; [5 Pages, 1.1MB] &#8211; John Piña Craven (October 30, 1924 – February 12, 2015) was an American scientist who was known for his involvement with Bayesian search theory and the recovery of lost objects at sea. He was Chief Scientist of the Special Projects Office of the United States Navy.</td>
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<td style="height: 165px;"><strong><strong><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft wp-image-12720" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/12-28-2020-7-23-39-AM.jpg" alt="" width="75" height="101" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /><a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/leondavidson-crossreferences.pdf">Davidson, Leon</a> </strong>&#8211; FBI Cross References &#8211;</strong> [13 Pages, 4MB] &#8211; Leon Davidson (October 18, 1922 – January 1, 2007) was a chemical engineer and scientist, one of the team that developed the atomic bomb.</td>
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<tr style="height: 135px;">
<td style="height: 135px;"><strong><strong><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-16917" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/10-18-2022-6-26-59-PM.jpg" alt="" width="75" height="100" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /><a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/suzanneeaton-fbi1.pdf">Eaton, Suzanne</a> </strong></strong>&#8211; FBI Release #1 &#8211; [20 Pages, 5.5MB] &#8211; Suzanne Eaton (December 23, 1959 – July 2, 2019) was an American scientist and professor of molecular biology at the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics in Dresden, Germany.</td>
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<td style="height: 120px;"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class=" alignleft" title="Albert Einstein" src="https://documents.theblackvault.com/images/fbifiles/alberteinstein.png" alt="Albert Einstein" width="75" height="100" align="left" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <strong>Einstein, Albert</strong> &#8211; [ <a href="http://www.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/einstein1a.pdf">File #1</a> | <a href="http://www.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/einstein1b.pdf">File #2</a> | <a href="http://www.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/einstein2a.pdf">File #3</a> | <a href="http://www.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/einstein2b.pdf">File #4</a> | <a href="http://www.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/einstein3.pdf">File #5</a> | <a href="http://www.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/einstein4.pdf">File #6</a> | <a href="http://www.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/einstein5.pdf">File #7</a> | <a href="http://www.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/einstein6a.pdf">File #8</a> | <a href="http://www.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/einstein6b.pdf">File #9</a>| <a href="http://www.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/einstein7a.pdf">File #10</a> | <a href="http://www.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/einstein7b.pdf">File #11</a> | <a href="http://www.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/einstein8.pdf">File #12</a> | <a href="http://www.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/einstein9a.pdf">File #13</a> | <a href="http://www.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/einstein9b.pdf">File #14</a> ] &#8211; An investigation was conducted by the FBI regarding the famous physicist because of his affiliation with the Communist Party. Einstein was a member, sponsor, or affiliated with thirty-four communist fronts between 1937-1954. He also served as honorary chairman for three communist organizations.</td>
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<td style="height: 240px;"><strong><a href="http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/paulerdos.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-1672" src="http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/paulerdos.png" alt="Paul Erdos" width="75" height="100" /></a><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/105-HQ-12444.pdf">Erdos, Paul</a></strong> FBI Release #1 &#8211; [233 Pages, 13.2 MB]<br />
<strong><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/paulerdos-2.pdf">Erdos, Paul</a></strong> FBI Release #2 &#8211; [39 Pages, 15.3 MB]<br />
<strong><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/paulerdos-dod1.pdf">Erdos, Paul</a></strong> DOD Release #1 &#8211; [7 Pages, 1.5 MB] Paul Erdős (26 March 1913 – 20 September 1996) was a Hungarian mathematician. He was one of the most prolific mathematicians of the 20th century, but also known for his social practice of mathematics (more than 500 collaborators) and eccentric lifestyle (Time magazine called him The Oddball&#8217;s Oddball). Erdős pursued problems in combinatorics, graph theory, number theory, classical analysis, approximation theory, set theory, and probability theory. According to the FBI in release #2 &#8211; files were destroyed on Paul Erdos. The State Department withheld 12 pages related to Erdos, claiming all were regarding VISA papers, and exempt from disclosure.</td>
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<td style="height: 168px;"><strong><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-4190" src="http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/georgeestabrooks.png" alt="" width="75" height="100" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/georgeestabrooks-fbi1.pdf">Estabrooks, George Hoben</a> </strong>&#8211; FBI Release #1 &#8211; [498 Pages, 278.7MB]<br />
<strong><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/georgeestabrooks-fbi2.pdf">Estabrooks, George Hoben</a> </strong>&#8211; FBI Release #2 &#8211; [40 Pages, 19.1MB] &#8211; <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit;">George Hoben Estabrooks (December 16, 1895 – December 30, 1973) was a Canadian-American psychologist who would die in the County of Madison, New York which was the home county for Colgate University. George Estabrooks was a Harvard University graduate, a Rhodes Scholar, chairman of the Department of Psychology at Colgate University and an authority on hypnosis during World War II. He is known for hypnoprogramming U.S. government agents during World War II.</span></td>
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<td style="height: 136px;"><strong><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-14604" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/7-8-2021-6-42-09-AM.jpg" alt="" width="75" height="100" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /><a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/hugheverett-fbi1.pdf">Everett, Hugh</a></strong> &#8211; [26 Pages, 13.3MB] &#8211; Hugh Everett III (November 11, 1930 – July 19, 1982) was an American physicist who first proposed the many-worlds interpretation (MWI) of quantum physics, which he termed his &#8220;relative state&#8221; formulation. In contrast to the then-dominant Copenhagen interpretation, the MWI posits that the Schrödinger equation never collapses and that all possibilities of a quantum superposition are objectively real.</td>
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<td style="height: 216px;"><strong><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-5561" src="http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/mauriceewing.png" alt="" width="75" height="100" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/mauriceewing-fbi1.pdf">Ewing, Dr. Maurice </a> </strong>&#8211; [15 Pages, 5.4MB] &#8211; William Maurice &#8220;Doc&#8221; Ewing (May 12, 1906 – May 4, 1974) was an American geophysicist and oceanographer.  Ewing has been described as a pioneering geophysicist who worked on the research of seismic reflection and refraction in ocean basins, ocean bottom photography, submarine sound transmission (including the SOFAR channel), deep sea coring of the ocean bottom, theory and observation of earthquake surface waves, fluidity of the Earth&#8217;s core, generation and propagation of microseisms, submarine explosion seismology, marine gravity surveys, bathymetry and sedimentation, natural radioactivity of ocean waters and sediments, study of abyssal plains and submarine canyons.  (Note: By letter dated 16 March 2018 from the FBI, it was revealed that any additional documentation on Dr. Ewing was destroyed on 12/23/2004.)</td>
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<td style="height: 315px;">
<p><strong><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-3047" src="http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/enricofermi.png" alt="enricofermi" width="75" height="100" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/enricofermi-fees.pdf">Fermi, Enrico</a> </strong>&#8211; [4 Pages, 1.7MB] &#8211; Enrico Fermi (29 September 1901 – 28 November 1954) was an Italian physicist, who created the world&#8217;s first nuclear reactor, the Chicago Pile-1. He has been called the &#8220;architect of the nuclear age&#8221; and the &#8220;architect of the atomic bomb&#8221;.   He was one of the few physicists to excel both theoretically and experimentally. Fermi held several patents related to the use of nuclear power, and was awarded the 1938 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on induced radioactivity by neutron bombardment and the discovery of transuranic elements. He made significant contributions to the development of quantum theory, nuclear and particle physics, and statistical mechanics.</p>
<p>Fermi does have an FBI File, in which I received confirmation that the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) declassified the majority of it &#8211; but I am unable to pay the fees for copies. If you are interested in sponsoring the file, <a href="http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/contact/">CONTACT ME.</a></td>
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<tr style="height: 168px;">
<td style="height: 168px;"><strong><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-4695" src="http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/morrisfishbein.png" alt="" width="75" height="100" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/morrisfishbein-fbi1.pdf">Fishbein, Dr. Morris</a></strong> &#8211; FBI Release #1 &#8211; [104 Pages, 6.9MB]<br />
<strong><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/morrisfishbein-fbi2.pdf">Fishbein, Dr. Morris</a></strong> &#8211; FBI Release #2 &#8211; [5 Pages, 3.6MB] &#8211; Morris Fishbein M.D. (July 22, 1889 – September 27, 1976) was a physician who became the editor of the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) from 1924 to 1950. In 1961 he became the founding Editor of Medical World News, a magazine for doctors. In 1970 he endowed the Morris Fishbein Center. He was also notable for exposing quacks, notably the goat-gland surgeon John R. Brinkley, and campaigning for regulation of medical devices.</td>
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<td style="height: 104px;"><strong><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-12955" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/1-29-2021-4-44-55-AM.jpg" alt="" width="75" height="100" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/eugenegarfield-fbi1.pdf">Garfield, Eugene</a> </strong>&#8211; [286 Pages, 16MB] &#8211; Eugene Eli Garfield (September 16, 1925 – February 26, 2017) was an American linguist and businessman, one of the founders of bibliometrics and scientometrics. He helped to create Current Contents, Science Citation Index (SCI), Journal Citation Reports, and Index Chemicus, among others, and founded the magazine The Scientist. <strong><br />
</strong></td>
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<td style="height: 144px;"><strong><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-6808" src="http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/victorglushkov.png" alt="" width="75" height="100" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /><a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/victorglushkov-fbi1.pdf">Glushkov, Victor</a> </strong>&#8211; FBI Release #1 &#8211; [114 Pages, 54MB]<br />
<strong><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /><a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/victorglushkov-fbi1.pdf">Glushkov, Victor</a> </strong>&#8211; FBI Release #2 &#8211; [6 Pages, 1.8MB] &#8211; Victor Glushkov, born on August 24, 1923, in Rostov-on-Don, Soviet Union, was a pioneering computer scientist and mathematician known for his significant contributions to cybernetics and computer science in the Soviet Union. Glushkov&#8217;s work was groundbreaking in the field of theoretical computer science, and he is particularly renowned for his efforts in automata theory and the development of early Soviet computers. He envisioned a network of computers to manage the Soviet economy, a concept that predated the Internet, reflecting his forward-thinking approach to information technology. As the founder and director of the Institute of Cybernetics in Kyiv, Glushkov played a key role in the development of Soviet computing technology and contributed to the establishment of cybernetics as a scientific discipline. His legacy is marked by his influential theories and practical advancements in computer science, which have had a lasting impact on the field globally. Victor Glushkov passed away on January 30, 1982, leaving behind a profound legacy in the world of computing and cybernetics.</td>
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<td style="height: 104px;"><strong><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-8347" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/10-25-2019-5-23-46-AM.jpg" alt="" width="75" height="100" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /><a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/johngofman-fbi1.pdf">Gofman, John</a></strong> &#8211; [80 Pages, 4.6MB] &#8211; John William Gofman (September 21, 1918 – August 15, 2007) was an American scientist and advocate. He was Professor Emeritus of Molecular and Cell Biology at University of California at Berkeley.</td>
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<tr style="height: 192px;">
<td style="height: 192px;"><strong><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-7680" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/5-13-2019-9-50-07-AM.jpg" alt="" width="75" height="100" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /><a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/edwingoldwasser-fbi1.pdf">Goldwasser, Ned</a> </strong>&#8211; FBI Release &#8211; [219 Pages, 41.3MB]<br />
<strong><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /><a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/nedgoldwasser-doe1.pdf">Goldwasser, Ned</a> </strong>&#8211; DOE Release &#8211; [10 Pages, 2.5MB] &#8211; Ned Goldwasser (born Edwin L. Goldwasser, March 9, 1919 — December 14, 2016) was an American physicist and Co-Founder of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and the field of particle physics. He was a Professor of Physics Emeritus and former Vice Chancellor of Academic Affairs at the University of Illinois, as well as the first Deputy Director of Fermilab National Accelerator Laboratory. His interests were photons, cosmic rays, charged particles and elementary particles. He was Fellow to the American Association for the Advancement of Science and American Physical Society.</td>
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<tr style="height: 144px;">
<td style="height: 144px;"><strong><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-4126" src="http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/andrewgrove.png" alt="" width="75" height="100" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/andrewgrove-fbi1.pdf">Grove, Andrew S.</a> </strong>&#8211; [142 Pages, 54MB] &#8211; Andrew Stephen &#8220;Andy&#8221; Grove (born András István Gróf, Hungarian: Gróf András István; 2 September 1936 – 21 March 2016) was a Hungarian-born American businessman, engineer, author and a science pioneer in the semiconductor industry. He escaped from Communist-controlled Hungary at the age of 20 and moved to the United States where he finished his education. He was one of the founders and the CEO of Intel Corporation, helping transform the company into the world&#8217;s largest manufacturer of semiconductors.</td>
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<tr style="height: 239px;">
<td style="height: 239px;"><strong><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-19764" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/2024-07-18_05-57-17.png" alt="" width="75" height="100" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /><a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/richardhaefner-fbi1.pdf">Haefner, Richard Charles</a></strong>&#8211; [71 Pages, 4MB] &#8211; Dr. Richard Charles Haefner was a talented but deeply troubled geologist, remembered as much for his contributions to geology and petrology as for his violent and unpredictable nature. After earning a BS from Franklin and Marshall College in 1965, an MS in 1969, and a PhD in 1972 from Penn State University, Haefner was appointed head of the Los Angeles Museum of Natural History and a prestigious teaching position at USC in 1975. However, his career was derailed that same year by allegations of pedophilia and child molestation, leading to his arrest and disgrace. Despite a hung jury and expunged trial records, these allegations continued to haunt him, preventing him from securing any professional positions thereafter. The controversy surrounding Haefner was chronicled in the 2018 book &#8220;Justice Perverted: The Molestation Mistrial of Richard Charles Haefner.&#8221; Additionally, he has been implicated as the probable killer of Betsy Ruth Aardsma, a former girlfriend. Haefner died in 2002 from a congenital heart defect, with his final resting place and the whereabouts of his ashes remaining uncertain.</td>
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<td style="height: 144px;"><strong><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-4435" src="http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/henryheinlich.png" alt="" width="75" height="100" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/henryheimlich-fbi1.pdf">Heimlich, Henry</a> </strong>&#8211; [10 Pages, 2.5MB] &#8211; Henry Judah Heimlich (February 3, 1920 – December 17, 2016) was an American thoracic surgeon and medical researcher. He is widely credited as the inventor of the Heimlich maneuver, a technique of abdominal thrusts for stopping choking, described in Emergency Medicine in 1974. He also invented the Micro Trach portable oxygen system for ambulatory patients and the Heimlich Chest Drain Valve, or &#8220;flutter valve,&#8221; which drains blood and air out of the chest cavity.</td>
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<tr style="height: 168px;">
<td style="height: 168px;"><strong><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-3238" src="http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/hiskey.jpg" alt="hiskey" width="75" height="100" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/clarencefrancishiseky-fbi1.pdf">Hiskey, Clarence Francis</a></strong> &#8211; FBI Release #1 &#8211; [1,221 Pages, 731MB] Note:<strong> LARGE File Download<br />
<img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /><a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/clarencefrancishiseky-fbi2.pdf">Hiskey, Clarence Francis</a></strong> &#8211; FBI Release #2 &#8211; [16 Pages, 1.5MB] &#8211; Clarence Francis Hiskey was a renowned American chemist who worked on the Manhattan Project, the research program that led to the creation of the atomic bomb during World War II. His work focused on the separation and analysis of Uranium isotopes, a key element in the production of the bomb. Despite his contributions to the project, Hiskey&#8217;s political ideologies led to suspicion; he was accused of being a communist in the late 1940s during the Red Scare. Hiskey moved to Canada and became a key figure in the development of Canada&#8217;s nuclear energy program, his career marked by his profound impact on nuclear science and the ensuing political complications.</td>
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<td style="height: 168px;"><strong><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-3812" src="http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/rashadkhalifa.png" alt="" width="75" height="100" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/rashadkhalifa-fbi1.pdf">Khalifa, Rashad</a></strong> &#8211; FBI Release #1 &#8211; [23 Pages, 11.9MB]<br />
<strong><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/rashadkhalifa-fbi2.pdf">Khalifa, Rashad</a></strong> &#8211; FBI Release #2 &#8211; [293 Pages, 136MB]<br />
<strong><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/rashadkhalifa-fbi3.pdf">Khalifa, Rashad</a></strong> &#8211; FBI Release #3 &#8211; [344 Pages, 155MB]<br />
<strong><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/rashadkhalifa-fbi3.pdf">Khalifa, Rashad</a></strong> &#8211; FBI Release #4 &#8211; [25 Pages, 1.5MB] &#8211; Rashad Khalifa (1935–1990) was an Egyptian-American biochemist renowned for his controversial work in the realm of religious studies rather than his contributions to biochemistry. Born in Egypt, Khalifa moved to the United States in the 1950s, where he earned a Ph.D. in biochemistry. However, he gained international attention for his assertion that the Quran contained a mathematical code based on the number 19, a claim that led him to reject certain verses of the scripture. Establishing a religious community in Tucson, Arizona, that followed his teachings, he proclaimed himself as a messenger of God, a claim that generated significant backlash from mainstream Islamic scholars and communities. His controversial stance made him a polarizing figure, culminating in his assassination in 1990, believed to have been motivated by his religious teachings.</td>
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<td style="height: 216px;"><strong><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-4769" src="http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/walterkohn.png" alt="" width="75" height="100" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/rashadkhalifa-fbi1.pdf">Kohn, Walter</a></strong> &#8211; [175 Pages, 75.6MB] &#8211; Walter Kohn (March 9, 1923 – April 19, 2016) was an Austrian-born American theoretical physicist and theoretical chemist. He was awarded, with John Pople, the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1998. The award recognized their contributions to the understandings of the electronic properties of materials. In particular, Kohn played the leading role in the development of density functional theory, which made it possible to calculate quantum mechanical electronic structure by equations involving the electronic density (rather than the many-body wavefunction). This computational simplification led to more accurate calculations on complex systems as well as many new insights, and it has become an essential tool for materials science, condensed-phase physics, and the chemical physics of atoms and molecules.</td>
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<td style="height: 240px;"><strong><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-3815" src="http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/timothyleary.png" alt="" width="75" height="100" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/TimothyLeary-FBI1.pdf">Leary, Timothy</a></strong> &#8211; FBI Release #1 &#8211; [78 Pages, 44.0MB]<br />
<strong><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/TimothyLeary-FBI2.pdf">Leary, Timothy</a></strong> &#8211; FBI Release #2 &#8211; [234 Pages, 109MB]<br />
<strong><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/TimothyLeary-NARA.pdf">Leary, Timothy</a></strong> &#8211; NARA Releases &#8211; [84 Pages, 7.2MB] &#8211; Timothy Francis Leary (October 22, 1920 – May 31, 1996) was an American psychologist and writer known for advocating the exploration of the therapeutic potential of psychedelic drugs under controlled conditions. Leary conducted experiments under the Harvard Psilocybin Project during American legality of LSD and psilocybin, resulting in the Concord Prison Experiment and the Marsh Chapel Experiment. Leary&#8217;s colleague, Richard Alpert (Ram Dass), was fired from Harvard University on May 27, 1963 for giving psilocybin to an undergraduate student. Leary was planning to leave Harvard when his teaching contract expired in June, the following month. He was fired, for &#8220;failure to keep classroom appointments&#8221;, with his pay docked on April 30.</td>
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<td style="height: 120px;"><strong><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-2973" src="http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/johnclilly.png" alt="johnclilly" width="75" height="100" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/johnclilly-fbi1.pdf">Lilly, John Cunningham</a></strong> &#8211; [26 Pages, 8.0 MB ] &#8211; John Cunningham Lilly (January 6, 1915 – September 30, 2001) was an American physician, neuroscientist, psychoanalyst, psychonaut, philosopher, writer and inventor. He was a researcher of the nature of consciousness using mainly isolation tanks, dolphin communication, and psychedelic drugs, sometimes in combination.</td>
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<td style="height: 120px;"><strong><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-6469" src="http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/eugenemallove.png" alt="" width="75" height="100" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /><a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/eugenemallove-fbi1.pdf">Mallove, Eugene</a></strong> &#8211; FBI Release #1 &#8211; [18 Pages, 7.5MB ]<br />
<strong><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /><a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/eugenemallove-fbi2.pdf">Mallove, Eugene</a></strong> &#8211; FBI Release #2 &#8211; [208 Pages, 20MB ] &#8211; Eugene Franklin Mallove (June 9, 1947 – May 14, 2004) was an American scientist, science writer, editor, and publisher of Infinite Energy magazine, and founder of the nonprofit organization New Energy Foundation. He was a proponent of cold fusion, and a supporter of its research and related exploratory alternative energy topics, several of which are sometimes characterised as &#8220;fringe science&#8221;.</td>
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<td style="height: 192px;"><strong><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-5802" src="http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/margaretmead.png" alt="" width="75" height="100" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/margaretmead-fbi1.pdf">Mead, Margaret</a></strong> &#8211; FBI Release #1 &#8211; [238 Pages, 115.9MB]<br />
<strong><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/margaretmead-fbi2.pdf">Mead, Margaret</a></strong> &#8211; FBI Release #2 &#8211; [102 Pages, 11MB]<br />
<strong><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/margaretmead-fbi3.pdf">Mead, Margaret</a></strong> &#8211; FBI Release #3 &#8211; [93 Pages, 9.7MB] &#8211; Margaret Mead (December 16, 1901 – November 15, 1978) was an American cultural anthropologist who featured frequently as an author and speaker in the mass media during the 1960s and 1970s.  She earned her bachelor&#8217;s degree at Barnard College in New York City and her M.A. and Ph.D. degrees from Columbia University. Mead was a respected and often controversial academic who popularized the insights of anthropology in modern American and Western culture.  Her reports detailing the attitudes towards sex in South Pacific and Southeast Asian traditional cultures influenced the 1960s sexual revolution. She was a proponent of broadening sexual mores within a context of traditional Western religious life.</td>
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<td style="height: 480px;"><strong><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-5261" src="http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/robertmillikan.png" alt="" width="75" height="100" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/robertmillikan-fbi1.pdf">Millikan, Robert</a></strong> &#8211; [6 Pages, 0.8 MB] &#8211; Robert Andrews Millikan (March 22, 1868 – December 19, 1953) was an American experimental physicist honored with the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1923 for the measurement of the elementary electronic charge and for his work on the photoelectric effect. Millikan graduated from Oberlin College in 1891 and obtained his doctorate at Columbia University in 1895. In 1896 he became an assistant at the University of Chicago, where he became a full professor in 1910. In 1909 Millikan began a series of experiments to determine the electric charge carried by a single electron. He began by measuring the course of charged water droplets in an electric field. The results suggested that the charge on the droplets is a multiple of the elementary electric charge, but the experiment was not accurate enough to be convincing. He obtained more precise results in 1910 with his famous oil-drop experiment in which he replaced water (which tended to evaporate too quickly) with oil.  In 1914 Millikan took up with similar skill the experimental verification of the equation introduced by Albert Einstein in 1905 to describe the photoelectric effect. He used this same research to obtain an accurate value of Planck’s constant. In 1921 Millikan left the University of Chicago to become director of the Norman Bridge Laboratory of Physics at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in Pasadena, California. There he undertook a major study of the radiation that the physicist Victor Hess had detected coming from outer space. Millikan proved that this radiation is indeed of extraterrestrial origin, and he named it &#8220;cosmic rays.&#8221; As chairman of the Executive Council of Caltech (the school&#8217;s governing body at the time) from 1921 until his retirement in 1945, Millikan helped to turn the school into one of the leading research institutions in the United States. He also served on the board of trustees for Science Service, now known as Society for Science &amp; the Public, from 1921 to 1953.</td>
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<td style="height: 120px;"><strong><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-6015" src="http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/robertmoon.png" alt="" width="75" height="100" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/robertjamesmoon-fbi1.pdf">Moon, Robert James </a></strong>&#8211; Cross References &#8211; [40 Pages, 27.9MB] &#8211; Robert James Moon (February 14, 1911 – November 1, 1989) was an American physicist, chemist and engineer. An important figure in 20th century nuclear science, he was involved in America&#8217;s wartime Manhattan Project. He pioneered work on the fundamental structure of the atomic nucleus based on platonic solids.</td>
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<td style="height: 104px;"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class=" alignleft" title="Malcolm X" src="https://documents.theblackvault.com/images/fbifiles/brucemurray.png" alt="Bruce Murray" width="75" height="100" align="left" border="1" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <strong><a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/brucemurray-fbi.pdf">Murray, Bruce</a> </strong>[151 Pages, 6.65MB] &#8211; Bruce Churchill Murray (November 30, 1931 – August 29, 2013) was an American planetary scientist. He was a director of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and co-founder of The Planetary Society.</td>
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<td style="height: 144px;"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-4938" src="http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/henrymurray.png" alt="" width="75" height="100" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <strong><a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/henrymurray-fbi1.pdf">Murray, Henry</a> </strong>[14 Pages, 5.9MB] &#8211; Henry Alexander Murray (May 13, 1893 – June 23, 1988) was an American psychologist at Harvard University. He was Director of the Harvard Psychological Clinic in the School of Arts and Sciences after 1930. Murray developed a theory of personality called personology, based on &#8220;need&#8221; and &#8220;press&#8221;. Murray was also a co-developer, with Christiana Morgan, of the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), which he referred to as &#8220;the second best-seller that Harvard ever published, second only to the Harvard Handbook of Music.&#8221;</td>
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<td style="height: 120px;"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class=" alignleft" title="Malcolm X" src="https://documents.theblackvault.com/images/fbifiles/altonochsner.png" alt="Dr. Alton Ochsner" width="75" height="100" align="left" border="1" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <strong><a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/1240253-0.pdf">Ochsner Sr., Dr. Alton</a> </strong>&#8211; [ 31 Pages, 20.81MB ]<strong> <img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/1240253-001-AltonOchsner.pdf">File #2</a></strong> &#8211; [ 55 Pages, 4.31 MB ] <strong><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/historical/statedept-ochsneralton.pdf">File #3</a></strong> &#8211; [ 4 Pages, 0.2 MB ] &#8211; Alton Ochsner, Sr. (May 4, 1896 – September 24, 1981), was a surgeon and medical researcher who worked at Tulane University and other New Orleans hospitals before he established his own world-renowned The Ochsner Clinic, now known as Ochsner Foundation Hospital. Among its many services are heart transplants.</td>
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<td style="height: 144px;"><a href="http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/wilhelmreich.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-4697" src="http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/frankolson.png" alt="" width="75" height="100" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> </a><strong><a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/frankolson-fbi1.pdf">Olson, Dr. Frank</a></strong> &#8211; [10 Pages, 2.9MB] &#8211; Frank Rudolph Olson (July 17, 1910 – November 28, 1953) was an American bacteriologist, biological warfare scientist, and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) employee who worked at Camp Detrick (now Fort Detrick) in Maryland. In rural Maryland, he was covertly dosed with LSD by his CIA supervisor and, nine days later, plunged to his death from the window of a New York City hotel room. Some — including the U.S. government — term his death a suicide, while others allege murder.</td>
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<td style="height: 168px;"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class=" alignleft" title="Malcolm X" src="https://documents.theblackvault.com/images/fbifiles/jrobertoppenheimer.png" alt="J. Robert Oppenheimer" width="75" height="100" align="left" border="1" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a id="oppenheimer"></a><a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/historical/jrobertoppenheimer.pdf"><strong>Oppenheimer, J. Robert</strong></a> &#8211; [ 1,251 Pages, 75.31MB ] &#8211; Julius Robert Oppenheimer (April 22, 1904 – February 18, 1967) was an American theoretical physicist and professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley. He is among the persons who are often called the &#8220;father of the atomic bomb&#8221; for his role in the Manhattan Project, the World War II project that developed the first nuclear weapons. The first atomic bomb was detonated on July 16, 1945, in the Trinity test in New Mexico; Oppenheimer remarked later that it brought to mind words from the Bhagavad Gita: &#8220;Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds.&#8221;</td>
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<tr style="height: 168px;">
<td style="height: 168px;"><a href="http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/wilhelmreich.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft wp-image-3240 size-full" src="http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/johnparsons.jpg" alt="john parsons" width="75" height="100" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> </a><strong><a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/johnparsons-fbi1.pdf">Parsons, John aka Parsons, Marvel Whiteside</a></strong> &#8211; [174 Pages, 87.7MB] &#8211; John Whiteside Parsons (born Marvel Whiteside Parsons; October 2, 1914 – June 17, 1952), better known as Jack Parsons, was an American rocket engineer and rocket propulsion researcher, chemist, and Thelemite occultist. Associated with the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Parsons was one of the principal founders of both the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and the Aerojet Engineering Corporation. He invented the first rocket engine using a castable, composite rocket propellant, and pioneered the advancement of both liquid-fuel and solid-fuel rockets.</td>
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<td style="height: 144px;"><a href="http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/wilhelmreich.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft wp-image-1980 size-full" src="http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/wilhelmreich.png" alt="wilhelmreich" width="75" height="100" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> </a><strong><a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/historical/wilhelmreich.pdf">Reich, Wilhelm</a></strong> &#8211; [5 Pages, 0.8MB] &#8211; Wilhelm Reich (24 March 1897 – 3 November 1957) was an Austrian psychoanalyst. Author of several influential books – most notably Character Analysis (1933), The Mass Psychology of Fascism (1933) and The Sexual Revolution (1936) – Reich became known as one of the most radical practitioners of psychiatry. His file is very small, and consists of an autopsy analysis request after his death, after it was feared he was poisoned.</td>
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<td style="height: 135px;"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-14617" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/7-9-2021-4-28-06-AM.jpg" alt="" width="75" height="100" /><a href="http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/wilhelmreich.png"><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> </a><strong><a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/theodorreik-fbi1.pdf">Reik, Theodor</a> &#8211; Cross References &#8211;</strong> [12 Pages, 5MB] &#8211; Theodor Reik (12 May 1888, Vienna, Austria – 31 December 1969, New York) was a psychoanalyst who trained as one of Freud&#8217;s first students in Vienna, Austria, and was a pioneer of lay analysis in the United States.</td>
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<td style="height: 104px;">
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-12928" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/1-26-2021-8-57-24-AM.jpg" alt="" width="75" height="100" /><a href="http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/wilhelmreich.png"><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> </a><strong><a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/howardrobertson-fbi1.pdf">Robertson, Howard P.</a> </strong>&#8211; [180 Pages, 7.5MB] &#8211; Howard Percy &#8220;Bob&#8221; Robertson (January 27, 1903 – August 26, 1961) was an American mathematician and physicist known for contributions related to physical cosmology and the uncertainty principle. He was Professor of Mathematical Physics at the California Institute of Technology and Princeton University.</p>
<p>Note: It was discovered that additional records to Robertson <a href="http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/wilhelmreich.png"><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /></a> <a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/1484446-001.pdf">were destroyed</a>. On top of that, additional records are located at the National Archives, which I will post when the FOIA request comes in.</td>
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<td style="height: 168px;"><strong><a href="http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/wilhelmreich.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-5799" src="http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/verarubin.png" alt="" width="75" height="100" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> </a><a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/verarubin-fbi1.pdf">Rubin, Vera</a></strong> &#8211; [103 Pages, 51MB] &#8211; Vera Florence Cooper Rubin (July 23, 1928 – December 25, 2016) was an American astronomer who pioneered work on galaxy rotation rates.  She uncovered the discrepancy between the predicted angular motion of galaxies and the observed motion, by studying galactic rotation curves. This phenomenon became known as the galaxy rotation problem, and was evidence of the existence of dark matter. Although initially met with skepticism, Rubin&#8217;s results were confirmed over subsequent decades. Her legacy was described by The New York Times as &#8220;ushering in a Copernican-scale change&#8221; in cosmological theory.</td>
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<td style="height: 144px;"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class=" alignleft" title="Carl Sagan" src="https://documents.theblackvault.com/images/fbifiles/carlsagan.png" alt="Carl Sagan" width="75" height="100" align="left" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/sagan_c_part01.pdf"><strong>Sagan, Carl</strong></a> &#8211; [39 Pages, 5MB] &#8211; Dr. Carl Sagan on November 15, 1983, received a letter addressed to him at the Space Science Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. The letter spun stories of possible terrorist happenings. The communiqué was signed &#8220;M. Springfield.&#8221; A pretext call was made to M. Springfield who was located in the telephone directory. The call revealed that M. Springfield died in 1972, and his widow now resides at the address. She had no knowledge of the letter sent to Dr. Sagan.</td>
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<td style="height: 168px;"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class=" alignleft" title="Fred Schwarz" src="https://documents.theblackvault.com/images/fbifiles/fredschwarz.png" alt="Fred Schwarz" width="75" height="100" align="left" border="1" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/fredschwarz-FBI1.pdf"><strong>Schwarz, Fred</strong></a> &#8211; [757 Pages, 53.4MB ] &#8211; Doctor Frederick Charles Schwarz (15 January 1913 – 24 January 2009) was an Australian physician and political activist who founded the Christian Anti-Communism Crusade (CACC). He made a number of speaking tours in the USA in the 1950s, and in 1960 moved his base of operations to California.  He was the author of the international bestseller, You Can Trust The Communists (to be Communists) (Prentice Hall, 1960). Dr Schwarz worked with his wife, Lillian Schwarz, from abroad and, in his later years, at their home in Camden, near Sydney, in the Australian state of New South Wales.</td>
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<tr style="height: 168px;">
<td style="height: 168px;"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-5483" src="http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/glennseaborg.png" alt="" width="75" height="100" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/glennseaborg-fbi1.pdf"><strong>Seaborg, Glenn</strong></a> &#8211; [432 Pages, 258MB] &#8211; Glenn Theodore Seaborg (April 19, 1912 – February 25, 1999) was an American chemist whose involvement in the synthesis, discovery and investigation of ten transuranium elements earned him a share of the 1951 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. His work in this area also led to his development of the actinide concept and the arrangement of the actinide series in the periodic table of the elements.  Note: By letter dated June 12, 2018, the FBI stated that additional records that were possibly on Glenn Seaborg were destroyed.  This now represents the complete file held on Seaborg by the FBI.</td>
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<td style="height: 239px;"><a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/2024-07-03_04-50-42.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-19737" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/2024-07-03_04-50-42.png" alt="" width="75" height="100" /></a><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/zalmanshapiro-fbi1.pdf"><strong>Shapiro, Zalman</strong></a> &#8211; [33 Pages, 4MB] &#8211; Zalman Shapiro (1920-2016) was an American chemist and inventor known for his significant contributions to the development of nuclear technology. Born in Canton, Ohio, he earned a doctorate in chemistry from Johns Hopkins University. Shapiro is best remembered for his pioneering work at the Westinghouse Electric Corporation, where he played a crucial role in the development of the nuclear fuel for the world&#8217;s first commercial nuclear-powered submarine, the USS Nautilus. Additionally, he held numerous patents and founded Nuclear Materials and Equipment Corporation (NUMEC), which specialized in the production of nuclear materials. Shapiro&#8217;s work not only advanced nuclear engineering but also left a lasting impact on the field of energy and national defense.</td>
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<td style="height: 192px;"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-3915" src="http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/williamshockley.png" alt="" width="75" height="100" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <strong><a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/williamshockley-fbi.pdf">Shockley, William Bradford</a> </strong>&#8211; [96 Pages, 51.4MB ] &#8211; William Bradford Shockley Jr. (February 13, 1910 – August 12, 1989) was an American physicist and inventor. Shockley was the manager of a research group that included John Bardeen and Walter Brattain. The three scientists invented the point-contact transistor in 1947 and were jointly awarded the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics. Shockley&#8217;s attempts to commercialize a new transistor design in the 1950s and 1960s led to California&#8217;s &#8220;Silicon Valley&#8221; becoming a hotbed of electronics innovation. In his later life, Shockley was a professor of electrical engineering at Stanford University and became a proponent of eugenics.</td>
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<tr style="height: 216px;">
<td style="height: 216px;"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-6209" src="http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/margaretsinger.png" alt="" width="75" height="100" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <strong><a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/margaretsinger-fbi1.pdf">Singer, Margaret</a> </strong>&#8211; FBI Release #1- [98 Pages, 47.1MB]<br />
<img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <strong><a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/margaretthalersinger-eousa1.pdf">Singer, Margaret</a> </strong>&#8211; Executive Office for United States Attorneys Release #1- [5 Pages, 1MB]Margaret Thaler Singer (July 29, 1921 – November 23, 2003) was a clinical psychologist and researcher with her colleague Lyman Wynne of family communication.  She was a prominent figure in the study of undue influence in social and religious contexts. Singer&#8217;s main areas of research included schizophrenia, family therapy, brainwashing and coercive persuasion. In the 1960s she began to study the nature of social and religious group influence and mind control, and sat as a board member of the American Family Foundation and as an advisory board member of the Cult Awareness Network. She was the co-author of the book Cults in Our Midst.</td>
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<tr style="height: 192px;">
<td style="height: 192px;"><strong><a href="http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/unknown.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-1546" src="http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/unknown.png" alt="Unknown FBI File Photo" width="75" height="100" /></a><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /></strong> <strong><a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/philipsmith.pdf">Smith, Phillip Meek</a> (Release #1) </strong>&#8211; [ 29 Pages, 27.9MB ]<br />
<strong><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /></strong> <strong><a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/meek-release2.pdf">Smith, Phillip Meek</a> (Release #2) </strong>&#8211; [ 9 Pages, 0.9MB ] &#8211; Dr. Smith was Director of the National Research Council of the National Academies of Sciences and Engineering from 1981 to mid-1994. Previously, he was an Associate Director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy for Natural Resources, Energy and Science from 1975 to 1981 and branch chief for science at the Office of Management and Budget from 1972 to 1973. Earlier he directed large-scale international research programs in the geophysical sciences at the National Science Foundation. In the 1950s, Smith conducted research in Antarctica and explored then uncharted regions of the continent.</td>
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<tr style="height: 214px;">
<td style="height: 214px;"><strong><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-15651" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/1-16-2022-7-26-19-AM.jpg" alt="" width="75" height="100" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /><a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/historical/benjaminspock-fbi1-vault.pdf">Spock, Benjamin</a> </strong>&#8211; [513 Pages, 35MB] &#8211; Benjamin McLane Spock (May 2, 1903 – March 15, 1998) was an American pediatrician and liberal political activist whose book Baby and Child Care (1946) is one of the best-selling books of the twentieth century, selling 500,000 copies in the six months after its initial publication in 1946 and 50 million by the time of Spock&#8217;s death in 1998. The book&#8217;s premise to mothers was that they &#8220;know more than you think you do.&#8221; Spock&#8217;s parenting advice and recommendations revolutionized parental upbringing in the United States, and he is considered to be amongst the most famous and influential Americans of the 20th century.<strong><br />
</strong></td>
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<tr style="height: 288px;">
<td style="height: 288px;"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class=" alignleft" title="Pierre Trudeau" src="https://documents.theblackvault.com/images/fbifiles/edwardteller.png" alt="Nikola Tesla" width="75" height="100" align="left" border="1" /><strong><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /></strong> <strong><a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/edwardteller-122014.pdf">Teller, Edward</a> (FBI Release #1) </strong>&#8211; [63 Pages, 11.57MB]<br />
<strong><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /></strong> <strong><a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/edwardteller-fbi2.pdf">Teller, Edward</a> (FBI Release #2) </strong>&#8211; [84 Pages, 42.3MB] &#8211; This release was received in November of 2016. It comprised of the remaining material from the following agencies: USCIS, CIA, AFOSI, DOS and DOE.<br />
<strong><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /></strong> <strong><a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/EdwardTeller-CIARelease-FBIOriginalRequest.pdf">Teller, Edward</a> (CIA Release) </strong>&#8211; [8 Pages, 0.7MB] &#8211; This was some material forwarded to the CIA from the FBI for declassification. It was released in September of 2015.<br />
<strong><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /></strong> <strong><a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/teller-afosi.pdf">Teller, Edward</a> (AFOSI Release) </strong>&#8211; [4 Pages, 0.6MB] Edward Teller (January 15, 1908 – September 9, 2003) was a Hungarian-born American theoretical physicist who, although he claimed he did not care for the title, is known as &#8220;the father of the hydrogen bomb&#8221;.  When I first requested Teller&#8217;s file, I was told it would be more than <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/edwardteller-quote.pdf">3,500 pages, and incur fees of more than $100</a>. After a few months, I received part of his file, and then more pages were forwarded to multiple agencies.  I am a bit confused how this FOIA request turned out, but as I receive the pages, I will add them accordingly.</td>
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<tr style="height: 408px;">
<td style="height: 408px;"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class=" alignleft" title="Pierre Trudeau" src="https://documents.theblackvault.com/images/fbifiles/nikolatesla.png" alt="Nikola Tesla" width="75" height="100" align="left" border="1" /><strong><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/nikolatesla.pdf">Tesla, Nikola</a></strong> &#8211; FBI Release #1 &#8211; [290 Pages, 53.52MB]<br />
<strong><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/NikolaTesla-Sept2016Release.pdf">Tesla, Nikola</a></strong> &#8211; FBI Release #2 &#8211; [354 Pages, 24.5MB] &#8211; September 2016 Release &#8211; I had previously received a stack of Tesla files, as archived below. This release, with the impression it was a &#8220;new&#8221; release, is largely duplicate with what I had received previously (link below). However, there are approximately 65+ pages of &#8216;new&#8217; material at least. I did not go line by line and page by page &#8211; however, I will continue to archive both releases here for research.<br />
<strong><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/nikolatesla-april2018-fbi.pdf">Tesla, Nikola</a></strong> &#8211; FBI Release #3 &#8211; [68 Pages, 39.8MB] &#8211; April 2018 Release &#8211; Nikola Tesla (10 July 1856 – 7 January 1943) was a Serbian American inventor, electrical engineer, mechanical engineer, physicist, and futurist best known for his contributions to the design of the modern alternating current (AC) electricity supply system.  Tesla gained experience in telephony and electrical engineering before emigrating to the United States in 1884 to work for Thomas Edison. He soon struck out on his own with financial backers, setting up laboratories and companies to develop a range of electrical devices. His patented AC induction motor and transformer were licensed by George Westinghouse, who also hired Tesla as a consultant to help develop a power system using alternating current. Tesla is also known for his high-voltage, high-frequency power experiments in New York and Colorado Springs which included patented devices and theoretical work used in the invention of radio communication, for his X-ray experiments, and for his ill-fated attempt at intercontinental wireless transmission in his unfinished Wardenclyffe Tower project.</td>
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<tr style="height: 192px;">
<td style="height: 192px;"><strong><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-3406" src="http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/johngtrump.png" alt="johngtrump" width="75" height="100" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/historical/johngtrump-FBI.pdf">Trump, John G.</a></strong> &#8211; [16 Pages, 2.2MB] &#8211; John George Trump (August 21, 1907 – February 21, 1985) was an American electrical engineer, inventor, and physicist. He was a recipient of U.S. President Ronald Reagan&#8217;s National Medal of Science, and a member of the National Academy of Engineering. Trump was noted for developing rotational radiation therapy. Together with Robert J. Van de Graaff, he developed one of the first million-volt X-ray generators. He was also the uncle of President-elect of the United States, Donald Trump.  These documents consist of the entire FOIA case file, and processing notes, to the request I did wherein it was told to me files relating to John G. Trump were destroyed.</td>
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<tr style="height: 336px;">
<td style="height: 336px;"><strong><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-3747" src="http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/wernhervonbraun.png" alt="" width="75" height="100" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/wernhervonbraun-fbi1.pdf">von Braun, Wernher</a></strong> &#8211; [331 Pages, 36.1MB] &#8211; Wernher Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun (March 23, 1912 – June 16, 1977) was a German, later American, aerospace engineer and space architect credited with inventing the V-2 rocket for Nazi Germany and the Saturn V for the United States. He was one of the leading figures in the development of rocket technology in Nazi Germany, where he was a member of the Nazi Party and the SS. Following World War II, he was moved to the United States, along with about 1,500 other scientists, engineers, and technicians, as part of Operation Paperclip, where he developed the rockets that launched the United States&#8217; first space satellite Explorer 1, and the Apollo program manned lunar landings. In his twenties and early thirties, von Braun worked in Germany&#8217;s rocket development program, where he helped design and develop the V-2 rocket at Peenemünde during World War II. Following the war, von Braun worked for the United States Army on an intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) program before his group was assimilated into NASA. Under NASA, he served as director of the newly formed Marshall Space Flight Center and as the chief architect of the Saturn V launch vehicle, the superbooster that propelled the Apollo spacecraft to the Moon. In 1975, he received the National Medal of Science. He continued insisting on the human mission to Mars throughout his life.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 24px;">
<td style="height: 24px;"><strong><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-12082" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/8-27-2020-5-55-26-AM.jpg" alt="" width="75" height="100" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/johnvonneumann-fbi1.pdf">von Neumann, John</a> </strong>&#8211; [110 Pages, 7MB] &#8211; John von Neumann (December 28, 1903 – February 8, 1957) was a Hungarian-American mathematician, physicist, computer scientist, engineer and polymath. Von Neumann was generally regarded as the foremost mathematician of his time and said to be &#8220;the last representative of the great mathematicians&#8221;; he integrated pure and applied sciences.<strong><br />
</strong></td>
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<tr style="height: 192px;">
<td style="height: 192px;"><strong><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-4544" src="http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/johnwheeler.png" alt="" width="75" height="100" /><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/scientists/johnwheeler-fbi1.pdf">Wheeler, John Archibald</a></strong> &#8211; [331 Pages, 96.3MB] &#8211; John Archibald Wheeler (July 9, 1911 – April 13, 2008) was an American theoretical physicist. He was largely responsible for reviving interest in general relativity in the United States after World War II. Wheeler also worked with Niels Bohr in explaining the basic principles behind nuclear fission. Together with Gregory Breit, Wheeler developed the concept of Breit–Wheeler process. He is best known for linking the term &#8220;black hole&#8221; to objects with gravitational collapse already predicted early in the 20th century, for coining the terms &#8220;quantum foam&#8221;, &#8220;neutron moderator&#8221;, &#8220;wormhole&#8221; and &#8220;it from bit&#8221;, and for hypothesizing the &#8220;one-electron universe&#8221;.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>&nbsp;</p><p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/fbi-files-scientists-and-medical-professionals/">FBI Files: Scientists and Medical Professionals</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
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			<slash:comments>4</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">551</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Files on German Physicist Walther Gerlach</title>
		<link>https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/files-on-german-physicist-walther-gerlach/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=files-on-german-physicist-walther-gerlach</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[John Greenewald]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 17 Nov 2023 02:58:45 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Collection]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[physics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Walther Gerlach]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/?p=18760</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Walther Gerlach was a prominent German physicist, born on August 1, 1889, in Biebrich, Germany. He is best known for his work on quantum theory, particularly the Stern–Gerlach experiment, which he conducted with Otto Stern in 1922. This pivotal experiment demonstrated the quantized nature of atomic magnetic moments and provided crucial empirical evidence supporting the [...]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/files-on-german-physicist-walther-gerlach/">Files on German Physicist Walther Gerlach</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Walther Gerlach was a prominent German physicist, born on August 1, 1889, in Biebrich, Germany. He is best known for his work on quantum theory, particularly the Stern–Gerlach experiment, which he conducted with Otto Stern in 1922. This pivotal experiment demonstrated the quantized nature of atomic magnetic moments and provided crucial empirical evidence supporting the quantum theory. Gerlach&#8217;s findings significantly advanced the understanding of quantum mechanics, specifically the concept of electron spin, which has foundational implications in the field of quantum physics.</p>
<p>Gerlach&#8217;s career was marked by his roles in both academia and research. After obtaining his doctorate in 1912, he served in World War I and then continued his academic pursuits, eventually becoming a professor at the University of Frankfurt in 1921. He moved to the University of Tübingen in 1925 and later to the University of Munich in 1929, where he succeeded Wilhelm Wien. Gerlach made Munich a center of physics research, particularly in the study of atomic and nuclear physics. His own research interests also included thermal radiation, metal physics, and the magnetic and electrical properties of matter.</p>
<p>During World War II, Gerlach played a controversial role in Nazi Germany&#8217;s nuclear weapon project, known as the Uranium Club, where he was appointed as the project&#8217;s scientific director. After the war, he was detained during Operation Alsos and sent to England under Operation Epsilon, where he was held with other German scientists who had been involved in the nuclear project. Upon his return to Germany, Gerlach resumed his academic career, contributing to the rebuilding of scientific research in the country. He later became the President of the Fraunhofer Society and played a significant role in establishing the European Space Research Organization. Gerlach&#8217;s legacy in physics is enduring, with his early work on quantum mechanics remaining a cornerstone of the discipline. He passed away on August 10, 1979, leaving behind a legacy that continues to influence the scientific community.</p>
<h3>Document Archive</h3>
<h4><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" /> <a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/cia/F-2021-02322.pdf">CIA Documents Release About Walther Gerlach&#8217;s Work Diaries</a> [349 Pages, 96MB]</h4>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<hr />
<p>&nbsp;</p><p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/files-on-german-physicist-walther-gerlach/">Files on German Physicist Walther Gerlach</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">18760</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>The High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP)</title>
		<link>https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/the-high-frequency-active-auroral-research-program-haarp/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=the-high-frequency-active-auroral-research-program-haarp</link>
					<comments>https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/the-high-frequency-active-auroral-research-program-haarp/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[John Greenewald]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 13 Mar 2023 08:00:20 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Controversies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Government]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mysteries]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Weather / Weather Modification]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[HAARP]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Weather]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/?p=360</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Background The High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) is an ionospheric research program jointly funded by the U.S. Air Force, the U.S. Navy, the University of Alaska, and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). Designed and built by BAE Advanced Technologies (BAEAT), its purpose is to analyze the ionosphere and investigate the potential [...]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/the-high-frequency-active-auroral-research-program-haarp/">The High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP)</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h3><span style="font-size: 14px; color: #414141;">Background</span></h3>
<figure id="attachment_362" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-362" style="width: 300px" class="wp-caption alignleft"><a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/HAARP-3.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-medium wp-image-362" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/HAARP-3-300x214.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="214" srcset="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/HAARP-3-300x214.jpg 300w, https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/HAARP-3-600x429.jpg 600w, https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/HAARP-3-1024x731.jpg 1024w, https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/HAARP-3-1536x1097.jpg 1536w, https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/HAARP-3-2048x1463.jpg 2048w, https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/HAARP-3-150x107.jpg 150w, https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/HAARP-3-450x321.jpg 450w, https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/HAARP-3-1200x857.jpg 1200w, https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/HAARP-3-768x548.jpg 768w, https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/HAARP-3-269x192.jpg 269w, https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/HAARP-3-731x522.jpg 731w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-362" class="wp-caption-text">HAARP</figcaption></figure>
<p>The High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) is an ionospheric research program jointly funded by the U.S. Air Force, the U.S. Navy, the University of Alaska, and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). Designed and built by BAE Advanced Technologies (BAEAT), its purpose is to analyze the ionosphere and investigate the potential for developing ionospheric enhancement technology for radio communications and surveillance. The HAARP program operates a major sub-arctic facility, named the HAARP Research Station, on an Air Force–owned site near Gakona, Alaska.</p>
<p>HAARP has been the topic of conspiracy theories for quite some time, which range from HAARP being capable of modifying weather, disabling satellites and exerting mind control over people, and that it was being used as a weapon against terrorists. Such theories blamed the program for causing earthquakes, droughts, storms and floods, diseases such as Gulf War Syndrome and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, the 1996 crash of TWA Flight 800, and the 2003 destruction of the space shuttle Columbia.</p>
<p>Below are documents obtained about HAARP, and are archived here for research and are listed in chronological order of report date.</p>
<h3><strong>Environmental Impact Study</strong></h3>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/haarp/ADA267641.pdf">Environmental Impact Statement. Volume 1. Proposed High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program, July 1993</a> [ 450 Pages, 21MB ] &#8211; The FEIS describes the potential environmental impacts of constructing and operating a proposed ionospheric research facility in interior Alaska. The system is referred to as HAARP(High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program), and would be used primarily for conducting pioneering studies of ionospheric properties. This proposed facility would be the most technologically advanced in the world. The program could lead to a better understanding of the ionosphere and enable researchers to develop methods for enhanced communications for both civilian and defense applications. The HAARP system consists of a powerful high frequency radio transmitter, referred to as the ionospheric research instrument, and a number of scientific data gathering (diagnostic) instruments. This document addresses three alternatives associated with the construction of the HAARP facility; namely construction at either Clear or Gakona, and the no action alternative. Issues and resources that were examined for both of the sites include land and minerals, vegetation and wetlands, mammals, birds, aquatics, hydrology and water quality, air quality, socioeconomics, cultural resources, subsistence, recreation, aesthetics, possible bioeffects of radio frequency radiation, electromagnetic environment and radio frequency interference, atmosphere, threatened and endangered species, hazardous materials and wastes, and irretrievable commitment of resources.</p>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/haarp/ADA267521.pdf">Environmental Impact Analysis Process. Final Environmental Impact Statement. Part 2. Proposed High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program</a> [ 410 Pages, 21MB ]</p>
<h3>FBI Files</h3>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" /> <a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/HAARP-FBI1.pdf">FBI Files: High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP)</a> [25 Pages, 11MB]</p>
<h3><strong>Research Documents</strong></h3>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/haarp/ADA355641.pdf">HAARP, Research and Applications, 1990</a> [ 19 Pages, 1.25MB ] &#8211; This report describes and documents the scientific uses and the wide range of applications created by the HF Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP). The report is based on the deliberations of a scientific committee sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory and the Office of Naval Research and convened by the East-West Space Science Center of the University of Maryland. The HAARP represents a technological advancement with capabilities that allow for new and unique dual-use research and application opportunities. Use of the ionosphere as an active, nonlinear medium allows the primary HF energy to be transformed in a controlled fashion into coherent radiation from 0.001 Hz to 40 kHz and into incoherent IR and visible wavelengths. This function, supplemented with the generation of FAS and with the use of the transmitter as a radar, makes the HAARP transmitter a unique source for remote sensing and communication uses.</p>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/haarp/ADA273401.pdf">Electromagnetic Interference Impact of the Proposed Emitters for the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) 14 May 1993</a> [ 134 Pages, 4.9MB ] &#8211; The proposed HAARP emitters at the Gakona (Alaska) preferred site and at the Clear AFS (Alaska) alternative site are the Ionospheric Research Instrument (IRI), the Incoherent Scatter Radar (ISR), and the Vertical Incidence Sounder(VIS). The electromagnetic interference (EMI) impact of those emitters on receiving systems in the vicinity of the sites is estimated in this study. The results are intended for use as an input to the Air Force Environmental Impact Statement as part of the Environmental Impact Analysis Process.</p>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/haarp/ADA267743.pdf">An Electromagnetic Interference Study of Potential Transmitter Sites for the HF Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP), 19 July 1993</a> [ 40 Pages, 1.81MB ] &#8211; This report presents the results of Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) measurements conducted by the Naval Research Laboratory in June of 1991. This study examined a number of potential sites for the location of the proposed High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) transmitter facility. The proposed HAARP facility will consist of a large planar array of antennas excited by phased high power transmitters operating in the lower portion of the HF band (2.8 to 8 MHz). Several candidate locations were identified for study in the vicinity of Fairbanks, Alaska. The magnitude of EMI in the population centers and on other commercial and public facilities in the vicinity of Fairbanks from the high power transmitter is a major factor in the site selection process for HAARP. The EMI investigations were conducted in two phases. For Phase I of the study, EMI measurements were conducted at two receiver locations using an airborne transmitter at thirteen potential HAARP sites. The results from the Phase I measurements were examined and the two most promising candidate transmitter locations were selected for more comprehensive measurements during Phase II. For Phase II, comprehensive EMI measurements were made for each of the two candidate transmitter sites. Field strengths were measured at a variety of receiver locations that are representative of the impact area for the EMI from HAARP. The results for both the Phase I and Phase II measurements are presented in this report.</p>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/haarp/ADA277469.pdf">High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) Imager, 30 September 1993</a> [ 322 Pages, 10.2MB ] &#8211; A low-light-level monochromatic imaging system was designed and fabricated which was optimized to detect and record optical emissions associated with high-power rf heating of the ionosphere. The instrument is capable of detecting very low intensities, of the order of 1 Rayleigh, from typical ionospheric atomic and molecular emissions. This is achieved through co-adding of ON images during heater pulses and subtraction of OFF (background) images between pulses. Images can be displayed and analyzed in real time and stored in optical disc for later analysis. Full image processing software is provided which was customized for this application and uses menu or mouse user interaction.</p>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/haarp/ADA530617.pdf">HAARP High Power Experiments and Observations of Ionospheric Interactions, 1996</a> [ 5 Pages, 0.2MB ] &#8211; We review experiments in ionospheric modification and long distance propagation performed at the HAARP facility. Most experiments were in bistatic configuration with the WAVES receiver on the NASA/WIND satellite. Initial experiments showed scintillation-like variations in low frequency propagation through the earth&#8217;s ionosphere. A HAARP-HIPAS transmission experiment set up a spatial interference pattern measured at WIND. The Kodiak SuperDARN radar scanned the modified region above HAARP and observed the growth of ionospheric irregularities. Recently, lunar echoes at 8 MHz were detected by WIND. The experiments at HAARP will extend to nonlinear regimes as power levels increase.</p>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/haarp/ADA398268.pdf">Imaging of Underground Structure Using HAARP, February 1999</a> [ 48 Pages, 3.3MB ] &#8211; Non-invasive imaging of underground structure is important for the detection of hidden tunnels and other hazards, as well as resource exploration, mineral exploration, and environmental contamination problems. We processed and analyzed electromagnetic imaging data sets provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). The main parts of this study included: 1) subsurface imaging using smooth minimum-structure algorithms, 2) adaptation of imaging algorithms for parametric inversions, 3) analysis of the sensitivity and resolution of data to subsurface features and sharp boundaries, and 4) modification of robust processing algorithms for AMT data. Our analysis using synthetic data for simple models indicates the subsurface tunnels can be successfully detected if they are at a depth to diameter ratio of approximately 3:1 or less. Detection of tunnels in actual field conditions is more difficult because of the low signal levels in the AMT frequency range and geologic noise. This was evident in all data sets analyzed under this contract. The HAARP transmitter has the potential to be a valuable exploration tool in that it could generate EM fields that appeared locally as plane waves and could overcome the problems with low AMT signal levels and geologic noise. Our modifications to robust processing algorithms for AMT data and for controlled source data have proven useful for analyzing data with low signal levels and large amounts of noise.</p>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/haarp/ADA399992.pdf">Geophysical Electromagnetic Sounding Using HAARP, March 2002</a> [ 14 Pages, 1MB ] &#8211; The electrical resistivity of the ground can be measured by several methods. One, which has proven useful, is the controlled source magnetotelluric method (CSAMT). Current over a wide range of frequencies is introduced into the earth through a grounded dipole. Then the resulting electric and magnetic fields are measured at a distance greater than several skin depths. The apparent resistivity is then calculated by: p = 1/5f E/B(exp 2) The apparent resistivity vs. frequency can be converted into true resistivity vs. depth, This grant involved an investigation into the HAARP virtual antenna pattern out to 200 km, and its use as a CSAMT transmitter.</p>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/haarp/ADA514972.pdf">High Frequency Radar Astronomy With HAARP, 2003</a> [ 7 Pages, 0.4MB ] &#8211; At high frequency, radio waves will interact with space plasmas and surfaces of local astronomical objects, producing an echo that can provide new diagnostic data. The availability of high power radars operating at high frequencies opens a window for the remote investigation of our surrounding space environment. We discuss and illustrate this technique with some specific examples.</p>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/haarp/ADA445824.pdf">Investigation of Plasma Phenomena in the Ionosphere Under Natural Conditions and Under Conditions Artificially Perturbed by HAARP, 17 August 2005</a> [ 81 Pages, 50.2MB ] &#8211; Under this contract, Northwest Research Associates (NWRA) is performing measurements of the ionosphere in order to investigate plasma phenomena in both the natural ionosphere and in the ionosphere perturbed by the High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) high-frequency heater. The research being conducted falls within Hanscom Technical Areas 3(a), &#8220;Ionospheric Effects Research and Department of Defense Systems,&#8221; and 3(b), &#8220;Ionospheric Research Technology,&#8221; of the Broad Agency Announcement VS-O3-Ol released by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). As a contribution to Technical Area 3(b), we are collaborating with scientists and engineers from AFRL, the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), and other research organizations in the application of diagnostic instrumentation to HAARP. Among the HAARP instruments that we are applying to ionospheric research are three NWRA ITS1OS coherent radio receiving systems for measuring relative Total Electron Content (TEC) and recording scintillation, and an Ashtech Model Z-FX UPS receiver for measuring absolute TEC. We are posting TEC from these instruments, and phase-scintillation records from the ITS10S receivers, on the HAARP Web site (www.haarp.alaska.edu) for telescience applications and for decision-making during active experiments, and we are also focusing on inverting the TEC data tomographically to produce images of the F layer over Alaska. Research topics under the foregoing objectives are reported in Section 2.</p>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/haarp/ADA514970.pdf">Report on the HAARP 2008 Winter Campaign Focusing on Artificial Ionospheric Irregularities, 31 July 2008</a> [ 110 Pages, 14.1MB ] &#8211; A research campaign was conducted at the joint US joint Air Force, US Navy, and DARPA High-Latitude Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) site near Gakona, AK, during the period 21 February through 3 March 2008. The focus of the campaign was on generation of plasma-density irregularities in the ionosphere an optical and RF emissions from the ionosphere as a by-product of the interaction between the HAARP HF heater and the atmosphere and ionosphere above HAARP. This report documents the preliminary results obtained from this campaign through short (two to three page) summaries provided by the Principal Investigators for each of the experiments runs.</p><p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/the-high-frequency-active-auroral-research-program-haarp/">The High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP)</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
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		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">360</post-id>	</item>
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		<title>DoD Space S&#038;T Community of Interest Presentation to NDIA S&#038;T Conference, 13 April 2016, Dr. John Stubstad</title>
		<link>https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/dod-space-st-community-of-interest-presentation-to-ndia-st-conference-13-april-2016-dr-john-stubstad/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=dod-space-st-community-of-interest-presentation-to-ndia-st-conference-13-april-2016-dr-john-stubstad</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[John Greenewald]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Nov 2021 00:48:24 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Defense Issues]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Military / Defense]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[COI]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DOD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[space]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[space threats]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/?p=15192</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>The following presentation was given at the 17th Annual National Defense Industrial Association Science &#38; Engineering Technology Conference held in Tampa, Florida, from 12 &#8211; 14 April 2016. The below presentation was given by Dr. John Stubstad, Director, Space and Sensor Systems and obtained from the Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC). Document Archive DoD Space [...]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/dod-space-st-community-of-interest-presentation-to-ndia-st-conference-13-april-2016-dr-john-stubstad/">DoD Space S&T Community of Interest Presentation to NDIA S&T Conference, 13 April 2016, Dr. John Stubstad</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The following presentation was given at the 17th Annual National Defense Industrial Association Science &amp; Engineering Technology Conference held in Tampa, Florida, from 12 &#8211; 14 April 2016.</p>
<p>The below presentation was given by Dr. John Stubstad, Director, Space and Sensor Systems and obtained from the Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC).</p>
<h3>Document Archive</h3>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" /> <a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/dtic/JohnStubstad.pdf">DoD Space S&amp;T Community of Interest Presentation to NDIA S&amp;T Conference, 13 April 2016, Dr. John Stubstad</a> [23 Pages, 1.6MB]</p>
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		</div><p class="embed_download"><a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/dtic/JohnStubstad.pdf" download>Download [1.88 MB] </a></p></div><p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/dod-space-st-community-of-interest-presentation-to-ndia-st-conference-13-april-2016-dr-john-stubstad/">DoD Space S&T Community of Interest Presentation to NDIA S&T Conference, 13 April 2016, Dr. John Stubstad</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">15192</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Research and Development on Titanium Alloys, 1949</title>
		<link>https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/research-and-development-on-titanium-alloys-1949/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=research-and-development-on-titanium-alloys-1949</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[John Greenewald]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 18 Jan 2021 15:53:16 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[battelle]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[study]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[titanium]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/?p=12825</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Background The below documents were part of a titanium alloy study back in 1949. Document Archive Research and Development on Titanium Alloys, Progress rept. no. 1, 18 May-18 Sep 1949 [76 Pages, 4.5MB] Research and Development on Titanium Alloys, Progress rept. no. 2, 1 Sep-31 Oct 1949 [79 Pages, 5.0MB] &#160; &#160; &#160; &#160; &#160; [...]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/research-and-development-on-titanium-alloys-1949/">Research and Development on Titanium Alloys, 1949</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h2>Background</h2>
<p>The below documents were part of a titanium alloy study back in 1949.</p>
<h3>Document Archive</h3>
<h4><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" /> <a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/dtic/b816506.pdf">Research and Development on Titanium Alloys, Progress rept. no. 1, 18 May-18 Sep 1949</a> [76 Pages, 4.5MB]</h4>
<h4><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" /> <a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/dtic/ADB816149.pdf">Research and Development on Titanium Alloys, Progress rept. no. 2, 1 Sep-31 Oct 1949</a> [79 Pages, 5.0MB]</h4>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<hr />
<p>&nbsp;</p><p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/research-and-development-on-titanium-alloys-1949/">Research and Development on Titanium Alloys, 1949</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">12825</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Phenomena in the Atmosphere &#8211; Optical Phenomena, September 1960</title>
		<link>https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/phenomena-in-the-atmosphere-optical-phenomena-september-1960/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=phenomena-in-the-atmosphere-optical-phenomena-september-1960</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[John Greenewald]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 17 Nov 2020 23:57:46 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Environmental Issues]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[atmosphere]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cold War]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[soviet union]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Weather]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/?p=12445</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Background The purpose of this bibliography is to provide a guide to Soviet publications on optical phenomena in the atmosphere. It is based mainly on publications available in the Library of Congress . Special consideration has been given to publications of the last five years [from 1960], but several earlier works have also been included. [...]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/phenomena-in-the-atmosphere-optical-phenomena-september-1960/">Phenomena in the Atmosphere – Optical Phenomena, September 1960</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h3>Background</h3>
<p>The purpose of this bibliography is to provide a guide to Soviet publications on optical phenomena in the atmosphere. It is based mainly on publications available in the Library of Congress . Special consideration has been given to publications of the last five years [from 1960], but several earlier works have also been included.</p>
<h3>Document Archive</h3>
<h4><strong><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> </strong><a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/dtic/2019-98.pdf">Phenomena in the Atmosphere &#8211; Optical Phenomena, September 1960</a> [58 Pages, 23MB]</h4>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<hr />
<p>&nbsp;</p><p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/phenomena-in-the-atmosphere-optical-phenomena-september-1960/">Phenomena in the Atmosphere – Optical Phenomena, September 1960</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">12445</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>NASA&#8217;s $1 Million Grant To Prepare Religions for Extraterrestrial Life Discovery</title>
		<link>https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/nasas-1-million-grant-to-prepare-religions-for-extraterrestrial-life-discovery/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=nasas-1-million-grant-to-prepare-religions-for-extraterrestrial-life-discovery</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[John Greenewald]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 20 Aug 2020 13:39:22 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Space]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[discovery]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[extraterrestrial]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Life]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[NASA]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/?p=12015</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Background In 2017, Senator Jeff Flake published a document that outlined 50 examples of what he felt was &#8220;wasteful spending.&#8221; The document was called, &#8220;Wastebook: PORKémon Go&#8220;, a play off the popular game called Pokemon. The idea was the showcase programs that were wasteful spends, such as: The “Spaceport to Nowhere” ($80.4 million) The “Hologram [...]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/nasas-1-million-grant-to-prepare-religions-for-extraterrestrial-life-discovery/">NASA’s $1 Million Grant To Prepare Religions for Extraterrestrial Life Discovery</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h3>Background</h3>
<p>In 2017, Senator Jeff Flake published a document that outlined 50 examples of what he felt was &#8220;wasteful spending.&#8221;</p>
<p>The document was called, &#8220;<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170112194644/http://www.flake.senate.gov/public/_cache/files/4fcf3486-328a-40de-a1cc-f88515002d0d/wastebook-2016-final-pdf.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Wastebook: PORKémon Go</a>&#8220;, a play off the popular game called Pokemon. The idea was the showcase programs that were wasteful spends, such as:</p>
<ul>
<li>The “Spaceport to Nowhere” ($80.4 million)</li>
<li>The “Hologram Comedy Club” ($1.7 million)</li>
<li>The “Fish on a Treadmill” ($1.5 million)</li>
<li>The Computers That Binge-Watch “Desperate Housewives” ($460,000)</li>
<li>The “Angry Birds” in Ohio ($118,000)</li>
</ul>
<p>He stood before Congress on January 10, 2017, and outlined more, including a $1,000,000 NASA grant to prepare world religions for the discovery of alien life. Senator Flake said:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 40px;"><em><strong>&#8220;A $1 million NASA project is preparing the world&#8217;s religions for the possible discovery of extraterrestrial life forms&#8211;$1 million to prepare the world&#8217;s religions for the possible discovery of extraterrestrial life forms. Do we need to spend that, really? </strong></em></p>
<p style="padding-left: 40px;"><em><strong>A major sticking point for the participants was defining what life is: &#8216;Much of the discussion centered on the question, `What is life?&#8217; It turns out that life is notoriously difficult to define,&#8221; they concluded.&#8221;</strong></em></p>
<p>So, in June of 2020, The Black Vault filed FOIA requests for records relating to this research. The request aimed to receive the grant paperwork, final product, etc. Below is the result of that case.</p>
<h3>Document Archive</h3>
<h4><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" /> <a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/nasa/20-HQ-F-00617.pdf">NASA&#8217;s $1 Million Grant To Prepare Religions for Extraterrestrial Life Discovery</a> [34 Pages, 21MB]</h4>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<hr />
<p>&nbsp;</p><p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/nasas-1-million-grant-to-prepare-religions-for-extraterrestrial-life-discovery/">NASA’s $1 Million Grant To Prepare Religions for Extraterrestrial Life Discovery</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">12015</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>ESA/NASA&#8217;s Solar Orbiter Returns First Data, Snaps Closest Pictures of the Sun</title>
		<link>https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/esa-nasas-solar-orbiter-returns-first-data-snaps-closest-pictures-of-the-sun/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=esa-nasas-solar-orbiter-returns-first-data-snaps-closest-pictures-of-the-sun</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[John Greenewald]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 16 Jul 2020 17:49:09 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Space]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[sun]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/?p=11917</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Article By Miles Hatfield NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. The first images from ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter are now available to the public, including the closest pictures ever taken of the Sun. Solar Orbiter is an international collaboration between the European Space Agency, or ESA, and NASA, to study our closest star, the Sun. Launched on [...]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/esa-nasas-solar-orbiter-returns-first-data-snaps-closest-pictures-of-the-sun/">ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter Returns First Data, Snaps Closest Pictures of the Sun</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Article By Miles Hatfield NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.</p>
<p><iframe title="ESA/NASA&#039;s Solar Orbiter Returns First Data, Snaps Closest Pictures of the Sun" width="788" height="443" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/q-Ra9p9WVbs?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe></p>
<p>The first images from ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter are now available to the public, including the closest pictures ever taken of the Sun.</p>
<p>Solar Orbiter is an international collaboration between the European Space Agency, or ESA, and NASA, to study our closest star, the Sun. Launched on Feb. 9, 2020 (EST), the spacecraft completed its first close pass of the Sun in mid-June.</p>
<p>“These unprecedented pictures of the Sun are the closest we have ever obtained,” said Holly Gilbert, NASA project scientist for the mission at NASA&#8217;s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. “These amazing images will help scientists piece together the Sun’s atmospheric layers, which is important for understanding how it drives space weather near the Earth and throughout the solar system.”</p>
<p>“We didn’t expect such great results so early,” said Daniel Müller, ESA’s Solar Orbiter project scientist. “These images show that Solar Orbiter is off to an excellent start.”</p>
<figure id="attachment_11918" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-11918" style="width: 702px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/solar_orbiter-eui_0.gif"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-11918 size-large" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/solar_orbiter-eui_0.gif" alt="" width="702" height="702" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-11918" class="wp-caption-text">This animation shows a series of views of the Sun captured with the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUI) on ESA/NASA&#8217;s Solar Orbiter on May 30, 2020. They show the Sun’s appearance at a wavelength of 17 nanometers, which is in the extreme ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Images at this wavelength reveal the upper atmosphere of the Sun, the corona, with a temperature of more than a million degrees. Credits: Solar Orbiter/EUI Team (ESA &amp; NASA); CSL, IAS, MPS, PMOD/WRC, ROB, UCL/MSSL</figcaption></figure>
<p>Getting to this point was no simple feat. The novel coronavirus forced mission control at the European Space Operations Center, or ESOC, in Darmstadt, Germany to <a href="https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/ESA_scales_down_science_mission_operations_amid_pandemic">close down completely</a> for more than a week. During commissioning, the period when each instrument is extensively tested, ESOC staff were reduced to a skeleton crew. All but essential personnel worked from home.</p>
<p>“The pandemic required us to perform critical operations remotely – the first time we have ever done that,” said Russell Howard, principal investigator for one of Solar Orbiter&#8217;s imagers.</p>
<p>But the team <a href="http://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Operations/Space_missions_return_to_science">adapted</a>, even readying for an unexpected encounter with <a href="https://sci.esa.int/web/solar-orbiter/-/solar-orbiter-to-pass-through-the-tails-of-comet-atlas">comet ATLAS’s ion and dust tails </a>on June 1 and 6, respectively. The spacecraft completed commissioning just in time for its first close solar pass on June</p>
<p>15. As it flew within 48 million miles of the Sun, all <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/content/solar-orbiter-instruments">10 instruments</a> flicked on, and Solar Orbiter snapped the closest pictures of the Sun to date. (<a href="https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2018/parker-solar-probe-breaks-record-becomes-closest-spacecraft-to-sun">Other spacecraft</a> have been closer, but none have carried Sun-facing imagers.)</p>
<p>Solar Orbiter carries six imaging instruments, each of which studies a different aspect of the Sun. Normally, the first images from a spacecraft confirm the instruments are working; scientists don’t expect new discoveries from them. But the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager, or EUI, on Solar Orbiter returned data hinting at solar features never observed in such detail.</p>
<p>Principal investigator David Berghmans, an astrophysicist at the Royal Observatory of Belgium in Brussels, points out what he calls “campfires” dotting the Sun in EUI’s images.</p>
<p>“The campfires we are talking about here are the little nephews of solar flares, at least a million, perhaps a billion times smaller,” Berghmans said. “When looking at the new high resolution EUI images, they are literally everywhere we look.”</p>
<figure id="attachment_11920" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-11920" style="width: 702px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/campfires.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-large wp-image-11920" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/campfires-1024x1024.jpg" alt="" width="702" height="702" srcset="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/campfires-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/campfires-300x300.jpg 300w, https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/campfires-336x336.jpg 336w, https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/campfires-600x600.jpg 600w, https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/campfires-150x150.jpg 150w, https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/campfires-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/campfires.jpg 2048w, https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/campfires-450x450.jpg 450w, https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/campfires-1200x1200.jpg 1200w, https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/campfires-768x768.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 702px) 100vw, 702px" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-11920" class="wp-caption-text">Solar Orbiter spots ‘campfires’ on the Sun. Locations of campfires are annotated with white arrows.<br />Credits: Solar Orbiter/EUI Team (ESA &amp; NASA); CSL, IAS, MPS, PMOD/WRC, ROB, UCL/MSSL</figcaption></figure>
<p>It’s not yet clear what these campfires are or how they correspond to solar brightenings observed by other spacecraft. But it’s possible they are mini-explosions known as nanoflares – tiny but ubiquitous sparks theorized to help heat the Sun&#8217;s outer atmosphere, or corona, to its temperature 300 times hotter than the solar surface.</p>
<p>To know for sure, scientists need a more precise measurement of the campfires&#8217; temperature. Fortunately, the Spectral Imaging of the Coronal Environment, or SPICE instrument, also on Solar Orbiter, does just that.</p>
<p><strong>“</strong>So we&#8217;re eagerly awaiting our next data set,” said Frédéric Auchère, principal investigator for SPICE operations at the Institute for Space Astrophysics in Orsay, France. “The hope is to detect nanoflares for sure and to quantify their role in coronal heating.”</p>
<p>Other images from the spacecraft showcase additional promise for later in the mission, when Solar Orbiter is closer to the Sun.</p>
<p>The Solar and Heliospheric Imager, or SoloHI, led by Russell Howard of the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, D.C., revealed the so-called zodiacal light, light from the Sun reflecting off of interplanetary dust – a light so faint that the bright face of the Sun normally obscures it. To see it, SoloHI had to reduce the Sun’s light to one trillionth of its original brightness.</p>
<p>“The images produced such a perfect zodiacal light pattern, so clean,” Howard said. “That gives us a lot of confidence that we will be able to see solar wind structures when we get closer to the Sun.”</p>
<figure id="attachment_11921" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-11921" style="width: 702px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/solohi_firstlight.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-large wp-image-11921" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/solohi_firstlight-992x1024-1.jpg" alt="" width="702" height="725" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-11921" class="wp-caption-text">The first images from the Solar and Heliospheric Imager, or SoloHI instrument, reveal the zodiacal light (the bright blob of light on the right protruding towards the center). Mercury is also visible as a bright dot on the image left. The straight bright feature on the very edge of the image is a baffle illuminated by reflections from the spacecraft’s solar array.<br />Credits: Solar Orbiter/SoloHI team (ESA &amp; NASA), NRL</figcaption></figure>
<p>Images from the Polar and Helioseismic Imager, or PHI, showed it is also primed for later observations. PHI maps the Sun’s magnetic field, with a special focus on its poles. It will have its heyday later in the mission as Solar Orbiter gradually tilts its orbit to 24 degrees above the plane of the planets, giving it an unprecedented view of the Sun’s poles.</p>
<p>“The magnetic structures we see at the visible surface show that PHI is receiving top-quality data,” said Sami Solanki, PHI’s principal investigator at the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research in Göttingen, Germany. “We’re prepared for great science as more of the Sun’s poles comes into view.”</p>
<figure id="attachment_11922" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-11922" style="width: 702px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/solar_orbiter-phi-02.gif"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-large wp-image-11922" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/solar_orbiter-phi-02.gif" alt="" width="702" height="702" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-11922" class="wp-caption-text">This animation shows a sequence of images from the Polarimetric and Helioseismic Imager (PHI) on ESA/NASA&#8217;s Solar Orbiter. PHI measures the magnetic field near the Sun’s surface and allows the investigation of the Sun’s interior via the technique of helioseismology.<br />Credits: Solar Orbiter/ PHI Team/ESA &amp; NASA</figcaption></figure>
<p>Today&#8217;s release highlights Solar Orbiter’s imagers, but the mission’s four in situ instruments also revealed initial results. In situ instruments measure the space environment immediately surrounding the spacecraft. The Solar Wind Analyser, or SWA instrument, shared the first dedicated measurements of heavy ions (carbon, oxygen, silicon, iron, and others) in the solar wind from the inner heliosphere.</p>
<p>The new data, including movies and images with detailed descriptions, can be viewed in <a href="https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Solar_Orbiter/Solar_Orbiter_s_first_view_of_the_Sun_image_gallery">ESA&#8217;s gallery</a>.</p>
<p>Solar Orbiter is an international cooperative mission between the European Space Agency and NASA. The European Space Operations Centre (ESOC) in Germany operates Solar Orbiter. Solar Orbiter was built by Airbus Defence and Space, and contains 10 instruments: nine provided by ESA member states and ESA. NASA provided one instrument, SoloHI, hardware and sensors for three other instruments, and the Atlas V 411 launch vehicle. The European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC) in Spain conducts the science operations.</p>
<p><em>The above article is archived from </em><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2020/solar-orbiter-returns-first-data-snaps-closest-pictures-of-the-sun" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><em>NASA.</em></a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p><p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/esa-nasas-solar-orbiter-returns-first-data-snaps-closest-pictures-of-the-sun/">ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter Returns First Data, Snaps Closest Pictures of the Sun</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">11917</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>&#8220;Excess Heat in Electric-Field Loaded Deuterated Metal&#8221;, 2006 DTRA Workshop Slides</title>
		<link>https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/excess-heat-in-electric-field-loaded-deuterated-metal-2006-dtra-workshop-slides/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=excess-heat-in-electric-field-loaded-deuterated-metal-2006-dtra-workshop-slides</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[John Greenewald]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 28 Jun 2020 14:58:28 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DTRA]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/?p=11827</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Background The follow were slides used in the &#8220;Excess Heat in Electric-Field Loaded Deuterated Metal&#8221; presentation, held at the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) Advanced Systems and Concepts Office Workshop on High Energy Science and Technology on December 12, 2006. Document Archive &#8220;Excess Heat in Electric-Field Loaded Deuterated Metal&#8221;, 2006 DTRA Workshop Slides [167 Pages, [...]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/excess-heat-in-electric-field-loaded-deuterated-metal-2006-dtra-workshop-slides/">“Excess Heat in Electric-Field Loaded Deuterated Metal”, 2006 DTRA Workshop Slides</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h3>Background</h3>
<p>The follow were slides used in the &#8220;Excess Heat in Electric-Field Loaded Deuterated Metal&#8221; presentation, held at the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) Advanced Systems and Concepts Office Workshop on High Energy Science and Technology on December 12, 2006.</p>
<h3>Document Archive</h3>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" /> <a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/dtra/17-021.pdf">&#8220;Excess Heat in Electric-Field Loaded Deuterated Metal&#8221;, 2006 DTRA Workshop Slides</a> [167 Pages, 19MB]</p>
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		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">11827</post-id>	</item>
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		<title>Brane Craft, by Siegfried W. Janson, Final Report, February 1, 2017</title>
		<link>https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/brane-craft-by-siegfried-w-janson-final-report-february-1-2017/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=brane-craft-by-siegfried-w-janson-final-report-february-1-2017</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[John Greenewald]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 14 Jan 2020 13:47:40 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Space]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[brane]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[NASA]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/?p=8922</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Background A Brane Craft is a membrane spacecraft with solar cells, command and control electronics, communications systems, antennas, propulsion systems, attitude and proximity sensors, and shape control actuators as thin film structures manufactured on ~10 micron thick plastic sheets. This revolutionary spacecraft design can have a thickness of tens of microns with a surface area [...]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/brane-craft-by-siegfried-w-janson-final-report-february-1-2017/">Brane Craft, by Siegfried W. Janson, Final Report, February 1, 2017</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h3>Background</h3>
<p>A Brane Craft is a membrane spacecraft with solar cells, command and control electronics, communications systems, antennas, propulsion systems, attitude and proximity sensors, and shape control actuators as thin film structures manufactured on ~10 micron thick plastic sheets. This revolutionary spacecraft design can have a thickness of tens of microns with a surface area of<br />
square meters to maximize area-to-mass ratios for exceptionally low-mass spacecraft. Communications satellites, solar power satellites, solar electric propulsion stages, and solar sails can benefit from Brane Craft design. It also enables new missions that require low-mass spacecraft with exceptionally high delta-V. Active removal of orbital debris from Earth orbit is the target application for this study.</p>
<h3>Document Archive</h3>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" /> <a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/nasa/20170002796.pdf">Brane Craft, by Siegfried W. Janson, Final Report, February 1, 2017</a> [71 Pages, 5MB]</p>
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		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">8922</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>An Empirical Investigation of Trance Phenomena, May 1968</title>
		<link>https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/an-empirical-investigation-of-trance-phenomena-final-report-may-1968/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=an-empirical-investigation-of-trance-phenomena-final-report-may-1968</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[John Greenewald]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 22 Nov 2019 15:08:18 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Mysteries]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[army]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[hypnosis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[trance]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/?p=8592</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Background The major purposes of the work done under this present grant were twofold: (a) to extend the Investigation begun by Dr. Dittborn of the relation between suggested sleep and hypnotizability as measured by standardized test procedures and assessed by clinical ratings , and (b) to familiarize Dr. Dittborn with procedures developed in our laboratory [...]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/an-empirical-investigation-of-trance-phenomena-final-report-may-1968/">An Empirical Investigation of Trance Phenomena, May 1968</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h3>Background</h3>
<p>The major purposes of the work done under this present grant were twofold: (a) to extend the Investigation begun by Dr. Dittborn of the relation between suggested sleep and hypnotizability as measured by standardized test procedures and assessed by clinical ratings , and (b) to familiarize Dr. Dittborn with procedures developed in our laboratory for the evaluation of hypnotizability with a view toward future research, taking advantage of the clinical facilities available to Dr. Dittborn in Chile. Further experience with experimental procedures formed an integral part of the second aim.</p>
<p>While the many similarities of interest between Dr. Dittborn and those at our laboratory initially suggested a program of research along broad lines in the areas of differing states of consciousness not primarily associated with hypnotic procedures, it soon became apparent that this would be less likely to result in specific experimental results than the planning of several studies designed to answer specific questions more limited in nature. These could then provide both substantive findings as steps for future research and Important methodological experience useful for the furtherance of that research.</p>
<h3>Document Archive</h3>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" /> <a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/army/AD840632.pdf">An Empirical Investigation of Trance Phenomena, Final Report, May 1968</a> [35 Pages, 8.4MB]</p>
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		</div><p class="embed_download"><a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/army/AD840632.pdf" download>Download [8.29 MB] </a></p></div><p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/an-empirical-investigation-of-trance-phenomena-final-report-may-1968/">An Empirical Investigation of Trance Phenomena, May 1968</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">8592</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Beam and Plasma Physics Research, June 1990</title>
		<link>https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/beam-and-plasma-physics-research-june-1990/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=beam-and-plasma-physics-research-june-1990</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[John Greenewald]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 25 Sep 2019 14:23:08 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[beam]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[physics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[plasma]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/?p=8167</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Background Mission Research Corporation performed analysis for the Weapons Laboratory in high power microwave computations and theory and high energy plasma computations and theory. Document Archive Beam and Plasma Physics Research, June 1990 [124 Pages, 6MB]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/beam-and-plasma-physics-research-june-1990/">Beam and Plasma Physics Research, June 1990</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h3>Background</h3>
<p>Mission Research Corporation performed analysis for the Weapons Laboratory in high power microwave computations and theory and high energy plasma computations and theory.</p>
<p>Document Archive</p>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" /> <a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/dtic/a224452.pdf">Beam and Plasma Physics Research, June 1990</a> [124 Pages, 6MB]</p>
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		</div><p class="embed_download"><a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/dtic/a224452.pdf" download>Download [6.05 MB] </a></p></div><p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/beam-and-plasma-physics-research-june-1990/">Beam and Plasma Physics Research, June 1990</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">8167</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Exploring the Unknown</title>
		<link>https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/exploring-the-unknown/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=exploring-the-unknown</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[John Greenewald]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 09 May 2019 05:30:36 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Space]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[civil space program]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Earth]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[NASA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[space]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/?p=989</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Background This is a projected eight volume series of selected documents in the history of the U.S. civil space program, published by NASA. Document Archive  Exploring the Unknown: Selected Documents in the History of the U.S. Civil Space Program, Volume I, Organizing for Exploration. NASA SP-4407, 1995 [796 pages, 52.6MB]  Exploring the Unknown: Selected Documents [...]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/exploring-the-unknown/">Exploring the Unknown</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h3>Background</h3>
<p>This is a projected eight volume series of selected documents in the history of the U.S. civil space program, published by NASA.</p>
<h3>Document Archive</h3>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/nasa/19960014812.pdf">Exploring the Unknown: Selected Documents in the History of the U.S. Civil Space Program, Volume I, Organizing for Exploration. NASA SP-4407, 1995</a> [796 pages, 52.6MB]</p>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/nasa/19970013297.pdf">Exploring the Unknown: Selected Documents in the History of the U.S. Civil Space Program, Volume II, External Relationships. NASA SP-4407, 1996</a> [636 pages]</p>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="http://www.theblackvault.com/documents/space/nasa/vol3/vol3.pdf">Exploring the Unknown: Selected Documents in the History of the U.S. Civil Space Program, Volume III, Using Space. NASA SP-4407,1998</a> [626 pages]</p>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="http://www.theblackvault.com/documents/space/nasa/vol4/vol4.pdf">Exploring the Unknown: Selected Documents in the History of the U.S. Civil Space Program, Volume IV, Accessing Space. NASA SP-4407, 1999</a> [713 pages]</p>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/nasa/ETUv5.pdf">Exploring the Unknown: Selected Documents in the History of the U.S. Civil Space Program, Volume V, Exploring the Cosmos. NASA SP-4407, 2001</a> [823 Pages, 4.4MB]</p>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="http://www.theblackvault.com/documents/space/nasa/vol6/vol6.pdf">Exploring the Unknown: Selected Documents in the History of the U.S. Civil Space Program, Volume VI: Space and Earth Science. NASA SP-2004-4407, 2004</a> [780 pages]</p>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/space/SP-4407vol7FULL.pdf">Exploring the Unknown: Selected Documents in the History of the U.S. Civil Space Program, Volume VII: Human Spaceflight: Project Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo. NASA SP-2008-4407, 2008</a> [886 Pages, 8.53MB]</p><p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/exploring-the-unknown/">Exploring the Unknown</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">989</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Unconventional, Contrary, and Ugly: The Lunar Landing Research Vehicle, NASA History Division, 2005</title>
		<link>https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/unconventional-contrary-and-ugly-the-lunar-landing-research-vehicle-nasa-history-division-2005/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=unconventional-contrary-and-ugly-the-lunar-landing-research-vehicle-nasa-history-division-2005</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[John Greenewald]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 05 May 2019 20:48:46 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Space]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lunar lander]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[NASA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[neil armstrong]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[space]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/?p=7607</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Background When the United States began considering a piloted voyage to the moon, an enormous number of unknowns about strategies, techniques, and equipment existed. Some people began wondering how a landing maneuver might be performed on the lunar surface. From the beginning of the age of flight, landing has been among the most challenging of [...]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/unconventional-contrary-and-ugly-the-lunar-landing-research-vehicle-nasa-history-division-2005/">Unconventional, Contrary, and Ugly: The Lunar Landing Research Vehicle, NASA History Division, 2005</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h3>Background</h3>
<p>When the United States began considering a piloted voyage to the moon, an enormous number of unknowns about strategies, techniques, and equipment existed. Some people began wondering how a landing maneuver might be performed on the lunar surface. From the beginning of the age of flight, landing has been among the most challenging of flight maneuvers. Touching down smoothly has been the aim of pilots throughout the first century of flight. Designers have sought the optimum aircraft configuration for landing. Engineers have sought the optimum sensors and instruments for best providing the pilot with the information needed to perform the maneuver efficiently and safely. Pilots also have sought the optimum trajectory and control techniques to complete the approach and touchdown reliably and repeatably. Landing a craft on the moon was, in a number of ways, quite different from landing on Earth. The lunar gravitational field is much weaker than Earth’s.</p>
<p>There were no runways, lights, radio beacons, or navigational aids of any kind. The moon had no atmosphere. Airplane wings or helicopter rotors would not support the craft. The type of controls used conventionally on Earth-based aircraft could not be used. The lack of an atmosphere also meant that conventional flying instrumentation reflecting airspeed and altitude, and rate of climb and descent, would be useless because it relied on static and dynamic air pressure to measure changes, something lacking on the moon’s surface. Lift could be provided by a rocket engine, and small rocket engines could be arranged to control the attitude of the craft. But what trajectories should be selected? What type of steering, speed, and rate-of-descent controls should be provided? What kind of sensors could be used? What kind of instruments would provide helpful information to the pilot? Should the landing be performed horizontally on wheels or skids, or vertically? How accurately would the craft need to be positioned for landing? What visibility would the pilot need, and how could it be provided? Some flight-test engineers at NASA’s Flight Research Center were convinced that the best way to gain insight regarding these unknowns would be the use of a free-flying test vehicle.</p>
<p>Aircraft designers at the Bell Aircraft (Aerosystems) Company believed they could build a craft that would duplicate lunar flying conditions. The two groups collaborated to build the machine. It was unlike any flying ma-chine ever built before or since. The Lunar Landing Research Vehicle (LLRV) was unconventional, sometimes contrary, and always ugly. Many who have seen video clips of the LLRV in flight believe it was designed and built to permit astronauts to practice landing the Apollo Lunar Module (LM). Actually, the LLRV project was begun before NASA had selected the strategy that would use the Lunar Module! Fortunately, when the Lunar Module was designed somewhat later, its characteristics were sufficiently similar to the LLRV that the LLRV could be used for LM simulation. A later version of the LLRV, the Lunar Landing Training Vehicle (LLTV), provided an even more accurate simulation following considerable modification to better represent the final descent stage. Unconventional, Contrary, &amp; Ugly: The Lunar Landing Research Vehicle tells the complete story of this remarkable machine, the Lunar Landing Research Vehicle, including its difficulties, its successes, and its substantial contribution to the Apollo program. The authors are engineers who were at the heart of the effort. They tell the tale that they alone know and can describe.</p>
<h3>Document Archive</h3>
<h4><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" /> <a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/nasa/LLRV_Monograph.pdf">Unconventional, Contrary, and Ugly: The Lunar Landing Research Vehicle, NASA History Division, 2005</a> [242 Pages, 28MB]</h4>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p><p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/unconventional-contrary-and-ugly-the-lunar-landing-research-vehicle-nasa-history-division-2005/">Unconventional, Contrary, and Ugly: The Lunar Landing Research Vehicle, NASA History Division, 2005</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">7607</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>History of Research in Subgravity and Zero-G at the Air Force Missile Development Center, Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico 1948-1958</title>
		<link>https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/history-of-research-in-subgravity-and-zero-g-at-the-air-force-missile-development-center-holloman-air-force-base-new-mexico-1948-1958/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=history-of-research-in-subgravity-and-zero-g-at-the-air-force-missile-development-center-holloman-air-force-base-new-mexico-1948-1958</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[John Greenewald]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 25 Jan 2019 14:39:04 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Space]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[antigravity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[space]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[weightlessness]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/?p=7009</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Background The foreword offers a very interesting perspective into the pre-Apollo era, where weightlessness, had not yet been achieved: &#8220;Weightlessness, the weird condition of subgravity which man has never before experience and survived &#8212; except for the initial split-second of short distance free fall &#8212; has recently become a major field of serious scientific research. [...]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/history-of-research-in-subgravity-and-zero-g-at-the-air-force-missile-development-center-holloman-air-force-base-new-mexico-1948-1958/">History of Research in Subgravity and Zero-G at the Air Force Missile Development Center, Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico 1948-1958</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h3>Background</h3>
<p>The foreword offers a very interesting perspective into the pre-Apollo era, where weightlessness, had not yet been achieved:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><em><strong>&#8220;Weightlessness, the weird condition of subgravity which man has never before experience and survived &#8212; except for the initial split-second of short distance free fall &#8212; has recently become a major field of serious scientific research. Man now approaches this condition as his fast-climbing fighter flattens out to intercept an enemy bomber, and he may soon experience it for a long duration on multimonth interplanetary excursions.&#8221;</strong></em></p>
<h3>Document Archive</h3>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/afhistory/ADA323144.pdf">History of Research in Subgravity and Zero-G at the Air Force Missile Development Center, Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico 1948-1958</a> [44 Pages, 1.87MB]</p>
<p>https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/afhistory/ADA323144.pdf</p><p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/history-of-research-in-subgravity-and-zero-g-at-the-air-force-missile-development-center-holloman-air-force-base-new-mexico-1948-1958/">History of Research in Subgravity and Zero-G at the Air Force Missile Development Center, Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico 1948-1958</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">7009</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>The Biefield-Brown Effect, 2 May 1997</title>
		<link>https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/the-biefield-brown-effect-2-may-1997/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=the-biefield-brown-effect-2-may-1997</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[John Greenewald]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 04 Nov 2018 14:41:18 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[biefeld-brown]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[T Townsend Brown]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/?p=6749</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Background The phenomenon known as the Biefield-Brown effect was discovered around 1920 by Thomas Townsend Brown and first investigated in detail in 1923 by him and his physics professor at the time. Dr. Paul Alfred Biefeld at Denison University in Granville, Ohio. Document Archive  The Biefield-Brown Effect, 2 May 1997 (Copyrighted document, used as fair [...]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/the-biefield-brown-effect-2-may-1997/">The Biefield-Brown Effect, 2 May 1997</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h3>Background</h3>
<p>The phenomenon known as the Biefield-Brown effect was discovered around 1920 by Thomas Townsend Brown and first investigated in detail in 1923 by him and his physics professor at the time. Dr. Paul Alfred Biefeld at Denison University in Granville, Ohio.</p>
<h3>Document Archive</h3>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" /> <a href="https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/usaf/2018-01638-F.pdf">The Biefield-Brown Effect, 2 May 1997</a> (Copyrighted document, used as fair use as obtained under FOIA) [8 Pages, 1.1MB]</p>
<p>https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/usaf/2018-01638-F.pdf</p><p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/the-biefield-brown-effect-2-may-1997/">The Biefield-Brown Effect, 2 May 1997</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">6749</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Cold Fusion</title>
		<link>https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/cold-fusion/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=cold-fusion</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[John Greenewald]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 17 Aug 2018 15:30:59 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cold fusion]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/?p=2281</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Background The site ColdFusionNow.com describes &#8220;Cold Fusion&#8221; as the following: Cold fusion describes a form of energy generated when hydrogen interacts with various metals like nickel and palladium. Cold fusion is a field of condensed matter nuclear science CMNS, and is also called low-energy nuclear reactions LENR,lattice-assisted nuclear reactions LANR, low energy nanoscale reactions LENR, among others. Cold fusion [...]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/cold-fusion/">Cold Fusion</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h3>Background</h3>
<p>The site ColdFusionNow.com describes &#8220;Cold Fusion&#8221; as the following:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><em><strong>Cold fusion describes a form of energy generated when hydrogen interacts with various metals like nickel and palladium. Cold fusion is a field of condensed matter nuclear science CMNS, and is also called low-energy nuclear reactions LENR,lattice-assisted nuclear reactions LANR, low energy nanoscale reactions LENR, among others.</strong></em></p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><em><strong>Cold fusion is also referred to as the Anomalous Heat Effect AHE, reflecting the fact that there is no definitive theory of the elusive reaction.</strong></em></p>
<p>The following are documents related to &#8220;Cold Fusion&#8221; as obtained through the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA).</p>
<h3>Document Archive</h3>
<p><em>Sorted from Newest to Oldest based on publication date.</em></p>
<p><a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/coldfusion/ADA338629.pdf"><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" />The Status of &#8220;Cold Fusion&#8221;</a>, February 17, 1998 [29 Pages, 2.5MB] &#8211; The questions raised by reports of nuclear reactions at low energies, so called &#8216;cold fusion,&#8217; are not yet answered to the satisfaction of many scientists. Further experimental investigations of these and related questions seems desirable, at least for scientific if not practical reasons. Properly conducted, such investigations would be indistinguishable from normal research. They would yield information germane to accepted areas of scientific inquiry and technological utility. The announcement on 23 March 1989 by Pons and Fleischmann that they had achieved power generation from nuclear reactions at ordinary temperature had a rapid and enormous impact. About six weeks later, the cover stories of three major popular news magazines in the U. S. were on &#8216;cold fusion&#8217;. The response to the prospect of easy and inexhaustible energy, maybe with little residual radiation, was comparable to the public reaction to Roentgen&#8217;s report of x-rays in 1895. Then it was thought that privacy would no longer be possible. The strength of the &#8216;cold fusion&#8217; surprise had two bases. One was the strong knowledge, on the part of physicists, that high energy beams (or equivalently, high temperature plasmas, with their associated high particle velocities) are needed to force nuclei into contact, a prerequisite for their reaction. Physicists had worked hard for four decades, and spent billions of dollars, in only partially successful efforts to produce and contain the multi-million degree plasmas needed to get significant energy out of nuclear fusion. Despite the major progress on heating fusion plasmas, and on overcoming many instabilities which tend to destroy plasma containment, three milestones remain to make fusion energy useful.</p>
<p><a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/coldfusion/nrl-palladium.pdf"><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" />A Summary of NRL Research on Anomalous Effects in Deuterated Palladium Electrochemical Systems</a>, January 9, 1996 [146 Pages, 9.6MB] &#8211; Claims of excess power produced in electrochemical cells have been made by many investigators including those from two Navy laboratories. The excess power reportedly occurs in palladium electrodes highly loaded with deuterium. Other anomalous effects such helium-4, tritium and low energy radiation production have also been reported. This report summarizes the experimental results from a number of electrochemical loading/calorimetric experiments on palladium electrodes run at NRL. The experiments were carried out with the purpose of replicating the published excess power results obtained at the other Navy laboratories and with the goal of identifying the experimental conditions necessary to produce anomalous effects. Most of the experiments described were attempts to electrolytically load pure palladium or palladium alloy cathodes with deuterium (or hydrogen) and then to measure the power produced in the electrolytic cells. Loading was monitored in situ by measuring the change in the axial resistance of the cathode and comparing the measure values with the known relationship between resistance and the D(H)/Pd atomic ratios. While attaining high levels of deuterium loading in palladium cathodes was difficult we found that using materials with a large grain microstructure facilitated the loading. Calorimetric measurements on the highly loaded cathodes were initially made in isoperibol calorimeters that had a sensitivity of ±10%. No excess power (200 mW) and no radiation above the background were measured in any of the experiments described. Highly sensitive heat conduction calorimeters were evaluated for their use with the electrochemical cells. Results showed that measurements at the ±10 mW level were possible in the heat conduction calorimeters when data were collected frequently and signal averaging was used. Another experiment that was investigated was the electrochemical codeposition of palladium and deuterium on cathodes. Again, no radiation above background levels was detected in these experiments.</p>
<p><a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/cia/cia-coldfusion.pdf"><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" />Science and Weapons Review, 20 October 1992 &#8211; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Release of &#8220;all documents on Cold Fusion&#8221;</a> [14 Pages, 1.4MB] &#8211; In October of 2016, I requested that the CIA send all documents they had on Cold Fusion. After almost two years, the CIA claimed to have found only one record.  This is that release. Since receiving this, I have filed an additional request for the &#8220;non responsive&#8221; information blacked out on the release. Once that is sent, I will update this file to have a more complete document.</p>
<p><a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/coldfusion/nrl-palladium.pdf"><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" /></a> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/coldfusion/ADA239957.pdf">Cold Fusion Verification</a>, March 1991 [62 Pages, 2.3MB] &#8211; The objective of this work was to verify and reproduce experimental observations of Cold Nuclear Fusion (CNF), as originally reported in 1989 by Fleischmann, Pons, and Hawkins (see reference 1). The method was to start with the original report and add such additional information as became available to build a set of operational electrolytic CNF cells. Verification was to be achieved by first observing cells for neutron production, and for those cells that demonstrated a nuclear effect, careful calorimetric measurements were planned.</p>
<p><a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/coldfusion/nrl-palladium.pdf"><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" /></a> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/coldfusion/ADB148659.pdf">The Accelerating Mechanism in Cold Fusion</a>, 18 September 1990 (<em><strong>COPYRIGHTED DOCUMENT &#8211; USED UNDER FAIR USE</strong></em>) [25 Pages, 1.7MB] &#8211; The report of the observation of &#8220;cold fusion&#8221; reaction accompanying the saturation of palladium and titanium by deuterium appeared entirely unexpectedly and has attracted enormous interest worldwide. Meanwhile, however, references to the possibility of such phenomena go back some years.</p>
<p><a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/coldfusion/nrl-palladium.pdf"><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" /></a> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/coldfusion/LA-CP-90-122.pdf">In Search of Electrochemically Induced Cold Fusion, by A. Mayer</a>, May 1990 [3 Pages, 0.77MB]</p>
<p><a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/coldfusion/nrl-palladium.pdf"><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" /></a> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/coldfusion/LA-CP-89-415.pdf">Nuclear Weapon Implications of Cold Fusion</a>, 1989 [3 Pages, 0.9MB]</p><p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/cold-fusion/">Cold Fusion</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">2281</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Anti-gravity Presentation, October 2004 &#8211; Non-Atomic Military Research And Development (NAMRAD)</title>
		<link>https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/anti-gravity-presentation-october-2004-non-atomic-military-research-and-development-namrad/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=anti-gravity-presentation-october-2004-non-atomic-military-research-and-development-namrad</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[John Greenewald]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 04 May 2018 06:24:52 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[anti gravity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DOD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[NAMRAD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[OSD/JS]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/?p=5995</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Background This document was obtained from the Department of Defense in April of 2018. It was a PDF presentation used at the 39th Meeting of the Principals. Held at London, United Kingdom on October 25-29, 2004. Document Archive  Non-Atomic Military Research And Development (NAMRAD) &#8211; Anti-gravity, October 2004 [21 Pages, 5.5MB]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/anti-gravity-presentation-october-2004-non-atomic-military-research-and-development-namrad/">Anti-gravity Presentation, October 2004 – Non-Atomic Military Research And Development (NAMRAD)</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h3>Background</h3>
<p>This document was obtained from the Department of Defense in April of 2018.</p>
<p>It was a PDF presentation used at the 39th Meeting of the Principals. Held at London, United Kingdom on October 25-29, 2004.</p>
<h3>Document Archive</h3>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/dod/ADB333173.pdf">Non-Atomic Military Research And Development (NAMRAD) &#8211; Anti-gravity, October 2004</a> [21 Pages, 5.5MB]</p>
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		</div><p class="embed_download"><a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/dod/ADB333173.pdf" download>Download [7.41 MB] </a></p></div><p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/anti-gravity-presentation-october-2004-non-atomic-military-research-and-development-namrad/">Anti-gravity Presentation, October 2004 – Non-Atomic Military Research And Development (NAMRAD)</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">5995</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Final Governing Standards for Environment Protection Reports; DOD Instruction 4715.5</title>
		<link>https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/final-governing-standards-for-environment-protection-reports-dod-instruction-4715-5/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=final-governing-standards-for-environment-protection-reports-dod-instruction-4715-5</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[John Greenewald]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 17 Aug 2016 17:29:54 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Environmental Issues]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[environment]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/?p=2890</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Background DOD Instruction 4715.5 establishes policy and assigned responsibilities for managing environmental compliance to protect human health and safety outside the United States on installations under DoD control. The following reports were released under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). DOD Instruction 4715.5 &#8211; Environmental Compliance at Installations Outside the United States  DOD Instruction 4715.5 &#8211; [...]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/final-governing-standards-for-environment-protection-reports-dod-instruction-4715-5/">Final Governing Standards for Environment Protection Reports; DOD Instruction 4715.5</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h3>Background</h3>
<p>DOD Instruction 4715.5 establishes policy and assigned responsibilities for managing environmental compliance to protect human health and safety outside the United States on installations under DoD control.</p>
<p>The following reports were released under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA).</p>
<h3>DOD Instruction 4715.5 &#8211; Environmental Compliance at Installations Outside the United States</h3>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fgs/471505p.pdf">DOD Instruction 4715.5 &#8211; Environmental Compliance at Installations Outside the United States, 1 November 2013</a> [24 Pages, 0.6MB]</p>
<h3>Final Governing Standard Report Archive</h3>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fgs/UnitedKingdomFGS-March2013.pdf">FINAL GOVERNING STANDARDS for Environmental Protection by United States Forces for the United Kingdom, 13 March 2013</a> [273 Pages, 5.9MB]</p>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fgs/Portugal_AzoresFGS-February2011.pdf">FINAL GOVERNING STANDARDS for Environmental Protection by United States Forces for Portugal, February 2011</a> [338 Pages, 5.9MB]</p>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fgs/AscensionIslandsFGS-February2010.pdf">FINAL GOVERNING STANDARDS for Environmental Protection by United States Forces on Ascension Island, February 2010</a> [259 Pages, 19.1MB]</p>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fgs/TurkeyFGS-July2008.pdf">FINAL GOVERNING STANDARDS for Environmental Protection for Republic of Turkey, July 2008</a> [214 Pages, 1.7MB]</p>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fgs/AntiguaFGS-October2003.pdf">FINAL GOVERNING STANDARDS for Environmental Protection by United States Forces in Antigua, October 2003</a> [199 Pages, 0.8MB]</p>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/fgs/GreenlandFGS-July2003.pdf">FINAL GOVERNING STANDARDS for Environmental Protection by United States Forces in Greenland, 24 July 2003</a> [193 Pages, 1.1MB]</p><p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/final-governing-standards-for-environment-protection-reports-dod-instruction-4715-5/">Final Governing Standards for Environment Protection Reports; DOD Instruction 4715.5</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">2890</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Executive Office of the President &#8211; Office of Science and Technology Policy &#8211; Emails Regarding Google &#8211; 1/1/14 &#8211; 4/10/14</title>
		<link>https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/executive-office-of-the-president-office-of-science-and-technology-policy-emails-regarding-google-1114-41014/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=executive-office-of-the-president-office-of-science-and-technology-policy-emails-regarding-google-1114-41014</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[John Greenewald]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 27 Jul 2016 21:03:28 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[executive office of the president]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[google]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[policy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[white house]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/?p=2740</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Background In April of 2014, I filed a request to the Executive Office of the President &#8211; Office of Science and Technology Policy &#8211; for all emails/communications to/from Google. It took more than two years to process, and eventually got an email stating that about 1,500 pages of material was released, and if I wanted that [...]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/executive-office-of-the-president-office-of-science-and-technology-policy-emails-regarding-google-1114-41014/">Executive Office of the President – Office of Science and Technology Policy – Emails Regarding Google – 1/1/14 – 4/10/14</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h3>Background</h3>
<p>In April of 2014, I filed a request to the Executive Office of the President &#8211; Office of Science and Technology Policy &#8211; for all emails/communications to/from Google.</p>
<p>It took more than two years to process, and eventually got an email stating that about 1,500 pages of material was released, and if I wanted that as responsive to my request. I agreed, and received the below package.</p>
<p>The document is scanned in the document order it was received. Eventually, there will be a planned indexing of the material, but for now, I wanted to add it to The Black Vault for archival purposes. It is a searchable .PDF document, so I recommend you download the file to your desktop, and search accordingly.</p>
<h3>Documents</h3>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/eop/eopostp-google-01-04-2014.pdf">Executive Office of the President &#8211; Office of Science and Technology Policy &#8211; Emails Regarding Google &#8211; 1/1/14 &#8211; 4/10/14</a> [1,503 Pages, 94.5MB]</p>
<h3>About the Executive Office of the President &#8211; Office of Science and Technology Policy</h3>
<p>Congress established the Office of Science and Technology Policy in 1976 with a broad mandate to advise the President and others within the Executive Office of the President on the effects of science and technology on domestic and international affairs. The 1976 Act also authorizes OSTP to lead interagency efforts to develop and implement sound science and technology policies and budgets, and to work with the private sector, state and local governments, the science and higher education communities, and other nations toward this end.</p>
<h4>OSTP&#8217;s Mission</h4>
<p>The mission of the Office of Science and Technology Policy is threefold; first, to provide the President and his senior staff with accurate, relevant, and timely scientific and technical advice on all matters of consequence; second, to ensure that the policies of the Executive Branch are informed by sound science; and third, to ensure that the scientific and technical work of the Executive Branch is properly coordinated so as to provide the greatest benefit to society.</p>
<h4>Strategic Goals and Objectives</h4>
<ul>
<li>Ensure that Federal investments in science and technology are making the greatest possible contribution to economic prosperity, public health, environmental quality, and national security</li>
<li>Energize and nurture the processes by which government programs in science and technology are resourced, evaluated, and coordinated</li>
<li>Sustain the core professional and scientific relationships with government officials, academics, and industry representatives that are required to understand the depth and breadth of the Nation’s scientific and technical enterprise, evaluate scientific advances, and identify potential policy proposals</li>
<li>Generate a core workforce of world-class expertise capable of providing policy-relevant advice, analysis, and judgment for the President and his senior staff regarding the scientific and technical aspects of the major policies, plans, and programs of the Federal government. (<a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/eop/ostp/about" target="_blank">Source</a>)</li>
</ul>
<p>&nbsp;</p><p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/executive-office-of-the-president-office-of-science-and-technology-policy-emails-regarding-google-1114-41014/">Executive Office of the President – Office of Science and Technology Policy – Emails Regarding Google – 1/1/14 – 4/10/14</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">2740</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>A History of Soviet Aviation and Cosmonautics, January 1965</title>
		<link>https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/history-soviet-aviation-cosmonautics-january-1965/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=history-soviet-aviation-cosmonautics-january-1965</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[John Greenewald]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 06 Apr 2016 21:10:18 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Cold War Era]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Space]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Wartime]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cold War]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cosmonaut]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[soviet union]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[space]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[space race]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/?p=2169</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>This publication is a translation of Aviation and Cosmonautics (Aviatsiya I Kosmonavtika) formerly Herald of the Air Fleet, a monthly journal of the Soviet Army Air Force published by the Military Publishing House, Ministry of Defense, USSR. Every effort has been made to provide as accurate a translation as practicable. Soviet propaganda has not been deleted, as it is [...]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/history-soviet-aviation-cosmonautics-january-1965/">A History of Soviet Aviation and Cosmonautics, January 1965</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This publication is a translation of Aviation and Cosmonautics (Aviatsiya I Kosmonavtika) formerly Herald of the Air Fleet, a monthly journal of the Soviet Army Air Force published by the Military Publishing House, Ministry of Defense, USSR.</p>
<p>Every effort has been made to provide as accurate a translation as practicable. Soviet propaganda has not been deleted, as it is felt that such deletion could reduce the value of the translation to some portion of the intelligence community.</p>
<p>Political and technical phraseology of the original text has been adhered to in order to avoid possible distortion of information.</p>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/coldwarera/AD491682.pdf">A History of Soviet Aviation and Cosmonautics, January 1965</a> [141 Pages, 8.2MB]</p>
<p><a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/coldwarera/AD491682.pdf">https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/coldwarera/AD491682.pdf</a></p><p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/history-soviet-aviation-cosmonautics-january-1965/">A History of Soviet Aviation and Cosmonautics, January 1965</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">2169</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Apollo Missions</title>
		<link>https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/apollo-missions/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=apollo-missions</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[John Greenewald]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 25 Feb 2016 08:50:05 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Space]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[apollo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[NASA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[space]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/?p=992</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Background The Apollo program was a human spaceflight program undertaken by NASA during the years 1961-1975 with the goal of conducting manned moon landing missions. In 1961, President John F. Kennedy announced a goal of landing a man on the moon by the end of the decade. It was accomplished on July 20, 1969 by [...]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/apollo-missions/">Apollo Missions</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h3>Background</h3>
<p>The Apollo program was a human spaceflight program undertaken by NASA during the years 1961-1975 with the goal of conducting manned moon landing missions. In 1961, President John F. Kennedy announced a goal of landing a man on the moon by the end of the decade. It was accomplished on July 20, 1969 by the landing of astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin, with Michael Collins orbiting above during the Apollo 11 mission. Five other Apollo missions also landed astronauts on the Moon, the last one in 1972.</p>
<h3>Document Archive</h3>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/nasa/tnD7080RadProtect.pdf">Apollo Experience Report &#8211; Protection Against Radiation</a>, March 1973  [19 Pages, 1.2MB]</p>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="http://www.theblackvault.com/documents/space/apollosummary.pdf">Apollo Program Flight Summary Report [126 Pages]</a></p>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/space/Apollo11Declaration.pdf">Apollo 11 Customs &amp; Immigration Declaration Form</a> (Rarely seen, and yes, they had to fill one out) [1 Page, 130KB]</p>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="http://www.theblackvault.com/documents/space/apollo13.pdf">Apollo 13 Mission Report [154 Pages]</a></p>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="http://www.theblackvault.com/documents/space/catalog.pdf">Catalog of Apollo Experiment Operations, RP-1317 [156 Pages]</a></p>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="http://www.theblackvault.com/documents/space/entry.pdf">Entry Vehicle Control [50 Pages]</a></p>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/space/AFD-070114-007.pdf">Environmental Control System Selection for Manned Space Vehicles</a> [98 Pages, 2MB]</p>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="http://www.theblackvault.com/documents/space/guidance.pdf">Guidence and Control Systems: Mission Control Programer for&#8230; [60 Pages]</a></p>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/space/thelunarsurface.pdf">The Lunar Surface, 1962</a> [72 Pages, 2.06MB] &#8211; The lunar observational techniques and their limitations and some current concepts relating to the surface of the moon are described in order to provide some insight to the current state of knowledge. Recent books, papers, charts and publications in the open technical literature through August 1962 were the principal sources of information. For a review of studies related to this subject, a selection of applicable document references is included.</p><p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/apollo-missions/">Apollo Missions</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">992</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Critical Issues in the History of Spaceflight</title>
		<link>https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/critical-issues-in-the-history-of-spaceflight/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=critical-issues-in-the-history-of-spaceflight</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[John Greenewald]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 02 Mar 2015 23:18:39 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Space]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[NASA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[spaceflight]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[technology]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/?p=1023</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>This is a volume consisting of scholarship on the current state of the discipline of space history presented in a joint NASA and NASM conference in 2005. The essays presented in the book explore such issues as the motivations for spaceflight, and relative merits of human and robotic space exploration. Critical Issues in the History [...]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/critical-issues-in-the-history-of-spaceflight/">Critical Issues in the History of Spaceflight</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This is a volume consisting of scholarship on the current state of the discipline of space history presented in a joint NASA and NASM conference in 2005. The essays presented in the book explore such issues as the motivations for spaceflight, and relative merits of human and robotic space exploration.</p>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /><a href="http://www.theblackvault.com/documents/space/nasa/sp-2006-4702-frontmatter.pdf">Critical Issues in the History of Spaceflight. (NASA SP-2006-4702)</a></p>
<p><![if !IE]><iframe src="https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theblackvault.com%2Fdocuments%2Fspace%2Fnasa%2Fsp-2006-4702-frontmatter.pdf&amp;embedded=true" class="pdf" frameborder="0" style="height:1000px;width:788px;border:0" width="788" height="1000"></iframe><![endif]><!--[if IE]><object width="788" height="1000" type="application/pdf" data="http://www.theblackvault.com/documents/space/nasa/sp-2006-4702-frontmatter.pdf" class="pdf ie">
 
<div style="width:788;height:1000;text-align:center;background:#fff;color:#000;margin:0;border:0;padding:0">Unable to display PDF<br /><a href="http://www.theblackvault.com/documents/space/nasa/sp-2006-4702-frontmatter.pdf">Click here to download</a></div>
 
</object><![endif]--></p><p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/critical-issues-in-the-history-of-spaceflight/">Critical Issues in the History of Spaceflight</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">1023</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>NASA&#8217;s Exploration Systems Architecture Study</title>
		<link>https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/nasas-exploration-systems-architecture-study/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=nasas-exploration-systems-architecture-study</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[John Greenewald]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 02 Mar 2015 23:00:48 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Space]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[NASA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[space]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/?p=1010</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>The National Aeronautics and Space Administration&#8217;s (NASA&#8217;s) Exploration Systems Architecture Study (ESAS) Final Report documents the analyses and findings of the 90-day Agency-wide study. Work on this study began in May 2005 and was completed in July 2005. &#160; &#160;  Download the full report [758 Pages, 24mb]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/nasas-exploration-systems-architecture-study/">NASA’s Exploration Systems Architecture Study</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The National Aeronautics and Space Administration&#8217;s (NASA&#8217;s) Exploration Systems Architecture Study (ESAS) Final Report documents the analyses and findings of the 90-day Agency-wide study. Work on this study began in May 2005 and was completed in July 2005.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<div><img decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/space/140649main_ESAS_full.pdf">Download the full report</a> [758 Pages, 24mb]</div>
<div></div><p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/nasas-exploration-systems-architecture-study/">NASA’s Exploration Systems Architecture Study</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">1010</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>50th Anniversary NASA Publications</title>
		<link>https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/50th-anniversary-nasa-publications/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=50th-anniversary-nasa-publications</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[John Greenewald]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 01 Mar 2015 19:31:37 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Space]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[NASA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[space]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/?p=986</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>These documents were created in remembrance of NASA&#8217;s 50+ years of history. NASA 50th Anniversary Proceedings. NASA&#8217;s First 50 Years: Historical Perspectives. (NASA SP-2010-4704) by Steven Dick [765 Pages, 9.11 MB] Remembering the Space Age. (NASA SP-2008-4703) by Steven Dick [482 Pages, 9.28MB] &#8211; Abstract: Fifty years ago, with the launch of Sputnik I on [...]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/50th-anniversary-nasa-publications/">50th Anniversary NASA Publications</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>These documents were created in remembrance of NASA&#8217;s 50+ years of history.</p>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" width="16" height="16" /> <a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/space/SP-4704.pdf">NASA 50th Anniversary Proceedings. NASA&#8217;s First 50 Years: Historical Perspectives. (NASA SP-2010-4704)</a> by Steven Dick [765 Pages, 9.11 MB]</p>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://www.theblackvault.com/images/pdf.gif" alt="" width="16" height="16" /><a href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/space/Remembering_Space_Age_Full.pdf"> Remembering the Space Age. (NASA SP-2008-4703)</a> by Steven Dick [482 Pages, 9.28MB] &#8211; Abstract: Fifty years ago, with the launch of Sputnik I on October 4, 1957 and the flurry of activity that followed, events were building toward what some historians now recognize as a watershed in history—the beginning of the Space Age. Like all “Ages,” however, the Space Age is not a simple, straightforward, or even secure concept. It means different things to different people, and, space buffs notwithstanding, some would even argue that it has not been a defining characteristic of culture over the last 50 years and therefore does not deserve such a grandiose moniker. Others would find that to be an astonishing viewpoint, and argue that the Space Age was a saltation in history comparable to amphibians transitioning from ocean to land.</p><p>The post <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/50th-anniversary-nasa-publications/">50th Anniversary NASA Publications</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive">The Black Vault</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">986</post-id>	</item>
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