August 31, 2009
WHITE Europeans could have evolved as recently as 5500 years ago, according to research that suggests the early humans who populated Britain and Scandinavia had dark skins for millennia.
It was only when early humans gave up hunter-gathering and switched to farming about 5500 years ago that white skin began to be favoured, say the researchers.
This is because farmed food was deficient in vitamin D, a vital nutrient. Humans can make this in their skin when exposed to sunlight, but dark skin is much less efficient at it.
In places such as northern Europe, where sunlight levels are low, the ability to make vitamin D more efficiently could have been crucial to survival.
Johan Moan, of the Institute of Physics at the University of Oslo, said in a research paper: "In England, from 5500-5200 years ago the food changed rapidly away from fish as an important food source. This led to a rapid development of ... light skin."
Professor Moan, who worked with Richard Setlow, a biophysicist at Brookhaven National Laboratory in New York state, said vitamin D deficiency could be lethal. Research links it with heart disease, diabetes, arthritis and reduced immunity.
"Cold climates and high latitudes would speed up the need for skin lightening," their research says. "Agricultural food was an insufficient source of vitamin D, and solar radiation was too low to produce enough vitamin D in dark skin."











