On January 14, 2005, the ESA Huygens probe arrived at Saturn's largest satellite, Titan. After a faultless descent through the dense atmosphere, it touched down on the icy surface of this strange world from where it continued to transmit precious data back to the Earth.
Several of the world's large ground-based telescopes were also active during this exciting event, observing Titan before and near the Huygens encounter, within the framework of a dedicated campaign coordinated by the members of the Huygens Project Scientist Team.
Indeed, large astronomical telescopes with state-of-the art adaptive optics systems allow scientists to image Titan's disc in quite some detail. Moreover, ground-based observations are not restricted to the limited period of the fly-by of Cassini and landing of Huygens.
They hence complement ideally the data gathered by this NASA/ESA mission, further enhancing the overall scientific return.
The new images show Titan's atmosphere and surface at various near-infrared spectral bands. The surface of Titan's trailing side is visible in images taken through narrow-band filters at wavelengths 1.28, 1.6 and 2.0 microns.
They correspond to the so-called "methane windows" which allow to peer all the way through the lower Titan atmosphere to the surface. On the other hand, Titan's atmosphere is visible through filters centred in the wings of these methane bands, e.g. at 2.12 and 2.17 microns.
Eric Gendron of the Paris Observatory in France and leader of the team, is extremely pleased: "We believe that some of these images are the highest-contrast images of Titan ever taken with any ground-based or earth-orbiting telescope."
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